送丁琰序

宋 · 曾巩  全宋文卷一二五○,《元丰类稿》卷一四,《曾文定公集》卷七,《曾子固集》卷二三,《南丰曾先生文粹》卷三,《古文渊鉴》卷五二,《四续古文奇赏》卷二一,《奇赏斋古文汇编》卷一七九,乾隆《建昌府志》卷七六

守shǒu令líng之zhī于yú民mín近jìn且qiě重zhòng,易yì知zhī矣yǐ。余yú尝cháng论lùn今jīn之zhī守shǒu令líng,有yǒu道dào而ér闻wén四sì方fāng者zhě不bù过guò数shù人rén。此cǐ数shù人rén者zhě,非fēi特tè任rèn守shǒu令líng也yě。过guò此cǐ数shù人rén,有yǒu千qiān里lǐ者zhě相xiāng接jiē而ér无wú一yī贤xián守shǒu,有yǒu百bǎi里lǐ者zhě相xiāng环huán而ér无wú一yī贤xián令líng。至zhì天tiān子zǐ大dà臣chén尝cháng患huàn其qí然rán,则zé任rèn奉fèng法fǎ之zhī吏lì,严yán刺cì察chá之zhī科kē,以yǐ绳shéng治zhì之zhī。诸zhū郡jùn守shǒu县xiàn令líng以yǐ罪zuì不bù任rèn职zhí,或huò黜chù或huò罢bà者zhě相xiāng继jì于yú外wài。于yú是shì下xià诏zhào书shū,择zé廷tíng臣chén,使shǐ各gè举jǔ所suǒ知zhī以yǐ任rèn守shǒu令líng。是shì天tiān子zǐ大dà臣chén爱ài国guó与yǔ民mín而ér重zhòng守shǒu令líng之zhī意yì,可kě谓wèi无wú不bù至zhì矣yǐ。而ér诏zhào虽suī下xià,举jǔ者zhě卒zú不bù闻wén。惟wéi令líng或huò以yǐ旧jiù制zhì举jǔ,不bù皆jiē循xún岁suì月yuè而ér授shòu。每měi举jǔ者zhě有yǒu姓xìng名míng,得dé而ér视shì之zhī,推tuī考kǎo其qí材cái行háng能néng堪kān其qí举jǔ者zhě,卒zú亦yì未wèi见jiàn焉yān。举jǔ者zhě既jì然rán矣yǐ,则zé以yǐ余yú之zhī所suǒ见jiàn闻wén,阴yīn计jì其qí人rén之zhī孰shú可kě举jǔ者zhě,卒zú亦yì未wèi见jiàn焉yān。犹yóu恐kǒng余yú之zhī愚yú且qiě贱jiàn,闻wén与yǔ见jiàn焉yān者zhě少shǎo,不bù足zú以yǐ知zhī天tiān下xià之zhī材cái也yě,则zé求夫fū贤xián而ér有yǒu名míng位wèi、闻wén与yǔ见jiàn之zhī博bó者zhě,而ér从cóng之zhī问wèn其qí人rén之zhī孰shú可kě举jǔ者zhě,卒zú亦yì未wèi见jiàn焉yān。岂qǐ天tiān下xià之zhī人rén固gù可kě诬wū,而ér天tiān固gù不bù生shēng才cái于yú今jīn哉zāi!

使shǐ天tiān子zǐ大dà臣chén患huàn天tiān下xià之zhī弊bì,则zé数shù更gēng法fǎ以yǐ御yù之zhī。法fǎ日rì以yǐ愈yù密mì,而ér弊bì日rì以yǐ愈yù多duō。岂qǐ今jīn之zhī去qù古gǔ也yě远yuǎn,治zhì天tiān下xià卒zú无wú术shù哉zāi!盖gài古gǔ人rén之zhī有yǒu庠xiáng有yǒu序xù,有yǒu师shī友yǒu之zhī游yóu,有yǒu有yǒu司sī之zhī论lùn,而ér赏shǎng罚fá之zhī始shǐ于yú乡xiāng,属shǔ于yú天tiān下xià,为wéi教jiào之zhī详xiáng至zhì此cǐ也yě。士shì也yě有yǒu圣shèng人rén之zhī道dào,则zé皆jiē得dé行háng其qí教jiào;有yǒu可kě教jiào之zhī质zhì,则zé皆jiē可kě为wéi材cái且qiě良liáng,故gù古gǔ之zhī贤xián也yě多duō。贤xián之zhī多duō,则zé自zì公gōng卿qīng大dà夫fū至zhì于yú牛niú羊yáng仓cāng廪lǐn贱jiàn官guān之zhī选xuǎn咸xián宜yí焉yān,独dú千qiān里lǐ、百bǎi里lǐ之zhī长cháng哉zāi?其qí为wéi道dào岂qǐ不bù约yuē且qiě明míng,其qí为wéi致zhì天tiān下xià之zhī材cái岂qǐ不bù多duō哉zāi?其qí岂qǐ有yǒu劳láo于yú求而ér不bù得dé人rén,密mì于yú法fǎ而ér不bù胜shèng其qí弊bì,若ruò今jīn之zhī患huàn哉zāi?

今jīn也yě,庠xiáng序xù、师shī友yǒu、赏shǎng罚fá之zhī法fǎ非fēi古gǔ也yě,士shì也yě有yǒu圣shèng人rén之zhī道dào,欲yù推tuī而ér教jiào于yú乡xiāng于yú天tiān下xià,则zé无wú路lù焉yān。人rén愚yú也yě,则zé愚yú矣yǐ!可kě教jiào而ér贤xián者zhě,卒zú谁shuí教jiào之zhī哉zāi?故gù今jīn之zhī贤xián也yě少shǎo。贤xián之zhī少shǎo,则zé自zì公gōng卿qīng大dà夫fū至zhì于yú牛niú羊yáng仓cāng廪lǐn贱jiàn官guān之zhī选xuǎn常cháng不bù足zú其qí人rén焉yān,独dú守shǒu令líng哉zāi?是shì以yǐ其qí求之zhī无wú不bù至zhì,其qí法fǎ日rì以yǐ愈yù密mì,而ér不bù足zú以yǐ为wéi治zhì者zhě,其qí原yuán盖gài此cǐ之zhī出chū也yě已yǐ。噫yī!奚xī重zhòng而ér不bù更gēng也yě。

姑gū苏sū人rén丁dīng君jūn琰yǎn佐zuǒ南nán城chéng,南nán城chéng之zhī政zhèng平píng。余yú知zhī其qí令líng,令líng曰yuē:「丁dīng君jūn之zhī佐zuǒ我wǒ。」又yòu知zhī其qí邑yì人rén,邑yì人rén无wú不bù乐lè道dào之zhī者zhě。余yú既jì患huàn今jīn之zhī士shì,而ér常cháng慕mù古gǔ之zhī人rén,每měi观guān良liáng吏lì一yī传chuán,则zé反fǎn覆fù爱ài之zhī。如rú丁dīng君jūn之zhī信xìn于yú其qí邑yì,余yú于yú旁páng近jìn邑yì之zhī所suǒ未wèi见jiàn,故gù爱ài之zhī特tè深shēn。今jīn为wéi令líng于yú淮huái阴yīn,上shàng之zhī人rén知zhī其qí材cái而ér举jǔ用yòng之zhī也yě。于yú令líng也yě,得dé人rén矣yǐ。使shǐ丁dīng君jūn一yī推tuī是shì心xīn以yǐ往wǎng,信xìn于yú此cǐ,有yǒu不bù信xìn于yú彼bǐ哉zāi!

求余yú文wén者zhě多duō矣yǐ,拒jù而ér莫mò之zhī与yǔ也yě。独dú丁dīng君jūn之zhī行háng也yě,不bù求余yú文wén,而ér余yú乐lè道dào其qí所suǒ尝cháng论lùn者zhě以yǐ送sòng之zhī,以yǐ示shì重zhòng丁dīng君jūn,且qiě勉miǎn之zhī,且qiě勉miǎn天tiān下xià之zhī凡fán为wéi吏lì者zhě也yě。