明堂赋

宋 · 范仲淹  全宋文卷三六七,《范文正公集》卷一,《皇朝文鉴》卷二,《国朝二百家名贤文粹》卷一七六,《玉海》卷九六,《永乐大典》卷七二一四,《历代赋汇》卷七二,《古今图书集成》礼仪典卷一七八

臣chén闻wén明míng堂táng者zhě,天tiān子zǐ布bù政zhèng之zhī宫gōng也yě。在zài国guó之zhī阳yáng,于yú巳sì之zhī方fāng。广guǎng大dà乎hū天tiān地dì之zhī象xiàng,高gāo明míng乎hū日rì月yuè之zhī章zhāng。崇chóng百bǎi王wáng之zhī大dà观guān,揭jiē三sān宫gōng之zhī中zhōng央yāng。昭zhāo壮zhuàng丽lì于yú神shén州zhōu,宣xuān英yīng茂mào于yú皇huáng猷yóu。颁bān金jīn玉yù之zhī宏hóng度dù,集jí人rén神shén之zhī丕pī休xiū。故gù可kě祀sì先xiān王wáng以yǐ配pèi上shàng帝dì,坐zuò天tiān子zǐ而ér朝zhāo诸zhū侯hóu者zhě也yě。粤yuè自zì苍cāng牙yá开kāi极jí,黄huáng灵líng耀yào德dé,巢cháo穴xué以yǐ革gé,栋dòng宇yǔ以yǐ植zhí,彻chè太tài古gǔ之zhī弊bì,明míng大dà壮zhuàng之zhī则zé。风fēng雨yǔ攸yōu止zhǐ,宫gōng室shì斯sī美měi。将jiāng复fù崇chóng高gāo乎hū富fù贵guì之zhī位wèi,统tǒng和hé乎hū天tiān人rén之zhī理lǐ。乃nǎi圣shèng大dà造zào,明míng堂táng肇zhào起qǐ。明míng以yǐ清qīng其qí居jū,堂táng以yǐ高gāo而ér视shì。壁bì廓kuò焉yān而ér四sì达dá,殿diàn岿kuī焉yān而ér中zhōng峙zhì。礼lǐ以yǐ洁jié而ér俭jiǎn,故gù表biǎo之zhī以yǐ茅máo,教jiào以yǐ清qīng而ér流,故gù环huán之zhī以yǐ水shuǐ。暨jì二èr帝dì之zhī述shù焉yān。合hé五wǔ府fǔ而ér祭jì矣yǐ。逮dài夫fū夏xià礼lǐ秩zhì秩zhì,奉fèng以yǐ世shì室shì;商shāng祀sì穆mù穆mù,制zhì以yǐ重zhòng屋wū。神shén禹yǔ卑bēi宫gōng,阶jiē以yǐ一yī尺chǐ之zhī崇chóng;成chéng汤tāng受shòu命mìng,革gé以yǐ三sān尺chǐ之zhī盛shèng。赫hè赫hè周zhōu堂táng,制zhì度dù景jǐng彰zhāng。七qī筵yán兮xī南nán北běi之zhī广guǎng,九筵yán兮xī西xī东dōng之zhī长cháng,堂táng并bìng包bāo于yú五wǔ室shì,室shì辨biàn正zhèng于yú五wǔ方fāng。左zuǒ青qīng阳yáng而ér右yòu总zǒng章zhāng,面miàn明míng堂táng而ér背bèi北běi室shì。耽dān然rán太tài室shì,俨yǎn乎hū中zhōng黄huáng。都dū徽huī名míng之zhī在zài南nán,取qǔ盛shèng德dé之zhī向xiàng阳yáng。或huò谓wèi厥jué堂táng惟wéi一yī,厥jué室shì惟wéi九,辟bì阖hé其qí三sān十shí六liù户hù,疏shū达dá兮xī七qī十shí二èr牖yǒu。亦yì规guī上shàng而ér天tiān覆fù,复fù矩jǔ下xià而ér坤kūn厚hòu。近jìn郊jiāo之zhī宫gōng,广guǎng而ér能néng受shòu,通tōng天tiān之zhī宇yǔ,高gāo而ér弗fú偶ǒu。八bā方fāng象xiàng其qí幅fú员yuán,九陛bì参cān其qí前qián后hòu。桓huán桓huán焉yān听tīng政zhèng之zhī庙miào,应yīng辰chén而ér周zhōu彰zhāng;趪huáng趪huáng焉yān承chéng天tiān之zhī柱zhù,列liè宿sù而ér相xiāng望wàng。环huán林lín兮xī葱cōng葱cōng,圆yuán海hǎi兮xī泱yāng泱yāng。既jì方fāng舟zhōu而ér经jīng梁liáng,复fù素sù饰shì其qí回huí墙qiáng。陈chén位wèi序xù以yǐ有yǒu严yán,议yì法fǎ象xiàng而ér必bì臧zāng。示shì邦bāng域yù之zhī景jǐng铄shuò,期qī人rén神shén之zhī乐lè康kāng。左zuǒ有yǒu辟bì雍yōng,天tiān子zǐ学xué宫gōng。坟fén籍jí浩hào以yǐ明míng备bèi,文wén物wù森sēn其qí会huì同tóng。奉fèng三sān寿shòu以yǐ勖xù天tiān下xià之zhī孝xiào,设shè三sān乏fá以yǐ劝quàn诸zhū侯hóu之zhī风fēng。右yòu有yǒu灵líng台tái,庶shù民mín子zǐ来lái。若ruò经jīng始shǐ于yú神shén明míng,乃nǎi占zhān候hòu于yú昭zhāo回huí。天tiān之zhī道dào也yě,惟wéi默mò默mò以yǐ有yǒu象xiàng;圣shèng之zhī心xīn也yě,盖gài惕tì惕tì于yú无wú灾zāi。此cǐ三sān雍yōng之zhī大dà者zhě,故gù百bǎi世shì以yǐ钦qīn哉zāi。若ruò夫fū约yuē周zhōu之zhī礼lǐ,禀bǐng夏xià之zhī正zhèng,天tiān子zǐ升shēng青qīng阳yáng之zhī位wèi,体tǐ大dà德dé之zhī生shēng,彼bǐ相xiāng协xié谋móu,有yǒu司sī奉fèng行háng。庆qìng赐cì必bì均jūn,历lì象xiàng必bì明míng。布bù农nóng事shì于yú准zhǔn直zhí,习xí舞wǔ德dé于yú和hé平píng。止zhǐ伯bó益yì之zhī伐fá木mù,禁jīn蚩chī尤yóu之zhī称chēng兵bīng。惟wéi仓cāng廪lǐn兮xī赈zhèn天tiān之zhī穷qióng,惟wéi币bì帛bó兮xī礼lǐ邦bāng之zhī英yīng。无wú隐yǐn不bù彰zhāng,无wú潜qián不bù亨hēng。蒙mēng荡dàng荡dàng之zhī至zhì仁rén,浸jìn灏hào灏hào之zhī醇chún精jīng。此cǐ明míng堂táng之zhī春chūn也yě,万wàn物wù为wéi之zhī荣róng。又yòu若ruò炎yán以yǐ继jì天tiān,羲xī以yǐ永yǒng日rì。始shǐ于yú仲zhòng吕之zhī管guǎn,复fù于yú清qīng宫gōng之zhī律lǜ。天tiān子zǐ乃nǎi登dēng诸zhū明míng堂táng,暨jì夫fū太tài室shì。命mìng盛shèng乐lè以yǐ象xiàng德dé,致zhì大dà雩yú以yǐ祈qí实shí。升shēng高gāo明míng而ér有yǒu豫yù,定dìng心xīn气qì而ér无wú逸yì。静jìng百bǎi官guān之zhī事shì,驱qū五wǔ榖gǔ之zhī疾jí。无wú索suǒ于yú关guān,无wú难nán于yú门mén。止zhǐ北běi伐fá之zhī威wēi,以yǐ助zhù养yǎng于yú生shēng生shēng;导dǎo南nán风fēng之zhī和hé,以yǐ饰shì喜xǐ于yú元yuán元yuán。此cǐ明míng堂táng之zhī夏xià也yě。万wàn物wù为wéi之zhī繁fán。尔ěr乃nǎi象xiàng正zhèng火huǒ位wèi,德dé王wáng金jīn行háng,羽yǔ渐jiàn干gān以yǐ南nán向xiàng,榖gǔ万wàn斯sī而ér西xī成chéng。天tiān子zǐ乃nǎi居jū总zǒng章zhāng之zhī奥ào,奏zòu清qīng商shāng之zhī声shēng,图tú有yǒu功gōng而ér专zhuān任rèn,诘jié不bù义yì而ér徂cú征zhēng。修法fǎ制zhì以yǐ谨jǐn收shōu藏cáng之zhī令líng,养yǎng衰shuāi老lǎo以yǐ恻cè摇yáo落là之zhī情qíng。同tóng我wǒ度dù量liáng,平píng予yú权quán衡héng。人rén社shè以yǐ崇chóng,厚hòu兆zhào民mín报bào本běn之zhī志zhì;神shén仓cāng以yǐ秘mì,示shì万wàn邦bāng致zhì孝xiào之zhī诚chéng。此cǐ明míng堂táng之zhī秋qiū也yě,天tiān下xià为wéi之zhī清qīng。及jí夫fū虫chóng介jiè时shí分fēn,虎hǔ威wēi夕xī永yǒng。诗shī人rén发fā其qí凉liáng之zhī咏yǒng,日rì官guān宾bīn可kě爱ài之zhī景jǐng。天tiān子zǐ乃nǎi北běi堂táng以yǐ居jū,南nán面miàn而ér省shěng。锡xī饮yǐn蒸zhēng之zhī庆qìng,从cóng祀sì寒hán之zhī请qǐng。于yú是shì戒jiè门mén闾,备bèi边biān境jìng。劳láo三sān农nóng于yú休xiū息xī,警jǐng百bǎi辟bì于yú恭gōng靖jìng。关guān市shì必bì易yì,宫gōng室shì必bì整zhěng。无wú用yòng之zhī器qì斯sī彻chè,无wú事shì之zhī官guān必bì省shěng。饬chì国guó典diǎn以yǐ俟sì来lái岁suì之zhī宜yí,讲jiǎng武wǔ经jīng以yǐ肃sù万wàn邦bāng之zhī屏píng。此cǐ明míng堂táng之zhī冬dōng也yě。天tiān下xià为wéi之zhī静jìng,斯sī乃nǎi顺shùn其qí时shí。与yǔ物wù咸xián宜yí,适shì其qí变biàn,使shǐ民mín不bù倦juàn者zhě也yě。稽jī夫fū宗zōng祀sì之zhī文wén,大dà享xiǎng之zhī辰chén。上shàng仪yí乎hū皇huáng皇huáng,盛shèng节jié兮xī彬bīn彬bīn。比bǐ于yú郊jiāo也yě,我wǒ则zé取qǔ文wén之zhī胜shèng,方fāng其qí庙miào也yě,我wǒ则zé取qǔ质zhì之zhī纯chún。损sǔn益yì其qí礼lǐ,尊zūn严yán其qí亲qīn。五wǔ天tiān之zhī座zuò,晔yè晔yè以yǐ陈chén,五wǔ常cháng之zhī席xí,奕yì奕yì而ér伦lún。惟wéi太tài室shì之zhī位wèi,乃nǎi上shàng帝dì之zhī神shén。作zuò配pèi者zhě先xiān王wáng,从cóng祀sì者zhě五wǔ臣chén。樽zūn斝jiǎ离lí离lí,玉yù币bì莘shēn莘shēn。牲shēng牢láo之zhī举jǔ既jì遵zūn于yú夏xià后hòu,蔬shū果guǒ之zhī荐jiàn复fù本běn于yú周zhōu人rén。礼lǐ无wú不bù当dāng,诚chéng无wú不bù臻zhēn。圣shèng人rén于yú是shì出chū斋zhāi宫gōng而ér肃sù肃sù,被bèi法fǎ服fú而ér循xún循xún。

酌zhuó一yī献xiàn以yǐ从cóng质zhì,躬gōng百bǎi拜bài而ér表biǎo寅yín。司sī仪yí实shí相xiāng,乐lè正zhèng攸yōu宾bīn。进jìn俎zǔ豆dòu之zhī吉jí蠲juān,罗luó簨sǔn簴jù之zhī轮lún囷qūn。六liù乐lè咸xián在zài,统tǒng美měi乎hū列liè皇huáng,八bā风fēng相xiāng荡dàng,同tóng和hé乎hū大dà钧jūn。下xià舞wǔ上shàng歌gē,蹈dǎo德dé咏yǒng仁rén。非fēi常cháng之zhī祭jì,骏jùn及jí者zhě万wàn国guó;莫mò大dà之zhī孝xiào,蚁yǐ怀huái者zhě兆zhào民mín。于yú是shì神shén醉zuì其qí德dé,人rén乐lè而ér极jí。太tài史shǐ书shū于yú策cè,大dà夫fū颂sòng于yú国guó。颂sòng曰yuē:明míng堂táng崇chóng之zhī,明míng王wáng祀sì之zhī。礼lǐ以yǐ成chéng之zhī,乐lè以yǐ歌gē之zhī。光guāng天tiān之zhī下xià,教jiào以yǐ化huà之zhī,若ruò夫fū元yuán朔shuò会huì同tóng,群qún后hòu对duì越yuè。穆mù穆mù乎hū舜shùn门mén之zhī辟bì,晰xī晰xī乎hū宣xuān燎liáo之zhī发fā。帝dì时shí待dài旦dàn而ér久,求衣yī以yǐ先xiān。纡yū黄huáng组zǔ,冠guān通tōng天tiān,建jiàn日rì月yuè,服fú乾qián坤kūn,佩pèi干gān将jiāng,升shēng昆kūn仑lún。进jìn山shān岳yuè之zhī圭guī,当dāng云yún龙lóng之zhī轩xuān。正zhèng圣shèng人rén之zhī大dà宝bǎo,示shì天tiān下xià之zhī有yǒu尊zūn。巍wēi巍wēi焉yān负fù扆yǐ而ér立lì,济jì济jì焉yān辨biàn色sè而ér入rù。太tài常cháng正zhèng其qí等děng衰shuāi,九宾bīn序xù其qí名míng级jí。中zhōng阶jiē之zhī前qián,三sān公gōng屹yì然rán,应yīng门mén之zhī外wài,九采cǎi察chá焉yān。阼zuò阶jiē之zhī东dōng,诸zhū侯hóu以yǐ同tóng。西xī阶jiē之zhī西xī,诸zhū伯bó以yǐ齐qí。门mén东dōng北běi面miàn者zhě子zǐ之zhī位wèi,门mén西xī东dōng上shàng者zhě男nán之zhī次cì。东dōng门mén之zhī外wài,则zé有yǒu乐lè浪làng、蟠pán木mù九夷yí之zhī国guó,西xī面miàn而ér北běi上shàng。西xī门mén之zhī外wài,则zé有yǒu蒙mēng泛fàn、大dà秦qín六liù戎róng之zhī属shǔ,南nán上shàng而ér东dōng向xiàng。南nán门mén之zhī外wài,则zé有yǒu朱zhū垠yín、越yuè裳cháng八bā蛮mán之zhī族zú,唯wéi北běi是shì望wàng。北běi门mén之zhī外wài,则zé有yǒu荤hūn粥zhōu、幽yōu陵líng五wǔ狄dí之zhī种zhǒng,唯wéi东dōng是shì尚shàng。于yú是shì兟shēn兟shēn旅进jìn,锵qiāng锵qiāng肆sì觐jìn。向xiàng明míng者zhě盖gài取qǔ诸zhū《离lí》,观guān光guāng者zhě受shòu之zhī以yǐ《晋jìn》。君jūn臣chén之zhī位wèi定dìng,礼lǐ乐lè之zhī道dào振zhèn。雅yǎ韶sháo以yǐ奏zòu,文wén铎duó以yǐ徇xùn。皆jiē望wàng云yún而ér就jiù日rì,必bì歌gē尧yáo而ér颂sòng舜shùn。上shàng和hé而ér下xià乐lè,金jīn声shēng而ér玉yù润rùn。况kuàng乎hū晨chén光guāng赫hè曦xī,天tiān颜yán弗fú违wéi,冕miǎn绂fú兮xī霞xiá集jí,玉yù帛bó兮xī川chuān归guī,盛shèng乎hū王wáng庭tíng之zhī声shēng明míng,焕huàn乎hū天tiān家jiā之zhī光guāng辉huī。若ruò北běi辰chén之zhī会huì众zhòng星xīng,咸xián粲càn粲càn而ér在zài共gòng,如rú太tài阳yáng之zhī临lín多duō露lòu,普pǔ湛zhàn湛zhàn而ér将jiāng晞xī。莫mò不bù君jūn三sān揖yī于yú上shàng,臣chén载zǎi拜bài于yú下xià。行háng典diǎn礼lǐ,扬yáng风fēng雅yǎ,访fǎng隽jùn良liáng,议yì穷qióng寡guǎ,人rén曷hé幽yōu而ér覆fù盆pén,贤xián曷hé恻cè而ér遗yí野yě。于yú以yǐ盛shèng名míng器qì,于yú以yǐ休xiū宗zōng社shè。署shǔ圣shèng法fǎ于yú圆yuán阙quē,驰chí神shén教jiào于yú方fāng夏xià。皇huáng哉zāi耀yào今jīn昔xī之zhī荣róng观guān,至zhì哉zāi敷fū亿yì兆zhào之zhī纯chún嘏gǔ。故gù曰yuē:揖yī让ràng而ér治zhì天tiān下xià者zhě,明míng堂táng之zhī谓wèi也yě。惜xī乎hū三sān代dài以yǐ还huán,智zhì者zhě间jiān间jiān。诸zhū儒rú靡mí协xié,议yì者zhě喋dié喋dié。而ér皆jiē胶jiāo其qí增zēng损sǔn,忘wàng礼lǐ乐lè之zhī大dà本běn;泥ní于yú广guǎng狭xiá,废fèi皇huáng王wáng之zhī大dà业yè。使shǐ朝zhāo廷tíng茫máng然rán有yǒu逾yú远yuǎn之zhī叹tàn,惘wǎng然rán有yǒu中zhōng辍chuò之zhī议yì。殊shū不bù知zhī五wǔ帝dì非fēi沿yán乐lè而ér兴xīng,三sān王wáng岂qǐ袭xí礼lǐ而ér至zhì。为wéi明míng堂táng之zhī道dào,不bù必bì尚shàng其qí奥ào;行háng明míng堂táng之zhī义yì,不bù必bì尽jìn其qí制zhì。适shì道dào者zhě与yǔ权quán,忘wàng象xiàng者zhě得dé意yì。大dà乐lè同tóng天tiān地dì之zhī和hé,岂qǐ匏páo竹zhú而ér已yǐ矣yǐ,大dà礼lǐ同tóng天tiān地dì之zhī节jié,岂qǐ豆dòu笾biān之zhī云yún尔ěr。自zì汉hàn魏wèi之zhī下xià,暨jì隋suí唐táng之zhī际jì,堂táng或huò三sān五wǔ之zhī上shàng,道dào非fēi三sān五wǔ之zhī世shì。盖gài不bù取qǔ其qí厚hòu而ér取qǔ其qí薄báo,不bù得dé其qí大dà而ér得dé其qí细xì。享xiǎng配pèi之zhī文wén,或huò然rán未wèi分fēn;政zhèng教jiào之zhī烈liè,斯sī焉yān弗fú闻wén。是shì则zé帝dì道dào不bù施shī,胡hú取qǔ乎hū总zǒng期qī?皇huáng德dé不bù隆lóng,胡hú取qǔ乎hū合hé宫gōng?故gù夫fū明míng堂táng之zhī设shè也yě,天tiān子zǐ居jū之zhī,日rì慎shèn日rì思sī,思sī之zhī何hé也yě?万wàn微wēi存cún乎hū消xiāo息xī。慎shèn之zhī何hé也yě?兆zhào灵líng系xì之zhī安ān危wēi。繇yáo是shì惟wéi克kè念niàn以yǐ作zuò圣shèng,思sī尧yáo舜shùn之zhī齐qí名míng。惧jù巍wēi巍wēi之zhī弗fú逮dài,乃nǎi孜zī孜zī于yú鸡jī鸣míng。唯wéi至zhì平píng之zhī休xiū代dài,思sī阜fù财cái于yú吾wú民mín。惧jù四sì维wéi之zhī有yǒu艰jiān,尚shàng疮chuāng痍yí而ér百bǎi辛xīn。故gù圣shèng人rén之zhī宝bǎo俭jiǎn,弗fú下xià剥bāo而ér上shàng侈chǐ。思sī寡guǎ费fèi而ér薄báo索suǒ,民mín庶shù几jī于yú格gé耻chǐ。惟wéi下xià武wǔ之zhī太tài宁níng。亦yì省shěng躬gōng于yú干gān戈gē。取qǔ诸zhū豫yù于yú四sì方fāng,慨kǎi风fēng云yún以yǐ长cháng歌gē。惟wéi知zhī人rén其qí古gǔ难nán,思sī济jì济jì乎hū贤xián者zhě。盖gài举jǔ一yī于yú皋gāo陶táo,乃nǎi连lián茹rú于yú天tiān下xià。惟wéi好hǎo生shēng之zhī至zhì德dé,思sī与yǔ物wù而ér为wéi春chūn。惧jù幽yōu陋lòu之zhī靡mí及jí,常cháng咨zī命mìng于yú仁rén人rén。惟wéi及jí人rén之zhī一yī德dé,始shǐ若ruò晦huì而ér弥mí彰zhāng。故gù三sān五wǔ之zhī君jūn子zǐ,腾téng茂mào质zhì而ér无wú疆jiāng。惟wéi皇huáng极jí之zhī大dà范fàn,思sī天tiān下xià而ér与yǔ平píng。惧jù万wàn物wù之zhī或huò差chà,持chí我wǒ心xīn于yú诚chéng衡héng。然rán后hòu见jiàn天tiān下xià齐qí于yú无wú体tǐ,和hé于yú无wú声shēng,厖máng眉méi而ér寿shòu,吾wú何hé仁rén之zhī有yǒu;含hán哺bǔ而ér嬉xī,吾wú何hé力lì之zhī为wéi。但dàn渊yuān渊yuān绵mián绵mián,无wú反fǎn无wú偏piān。浸jìn淳chún泽zé以yǐ咸xián若ruò,乐lè鸿hóng化huà于yú自zì然rán。此cǐ明míng堂táng之zhī道dào也yě,盖gài无wú得dé而ér称chēng焉yān。我wǒ国guó家jiā凝níng粹cuì百bǎi灵líng,荐jiàn馨xīn三sān极jí,东dōng升shēng烟yān于yú岱dài首shǒu,西xī展zhǎn琮cóng于yú汾fén侧cè。未wèi正zhèng天tiān神shén之zhī府fǔ,以yǐ让ràng皇huáng人rén之zhī德dé。祖zǔ考kǎo来lái格gé。俟sì配pèi天tiān之zhī仪yí;诸zhū侯hóu入rù朝zhāo。思sī助zhù祭jì之zhī职zhí。岂qǐ上shàng圣shèng之zhī谦qiān而ér愚yú臣chén之zhī惑huò也yě。臣chén请qǐng考kǎo列liè辟bì之zhī明míng术shù,塞sāi处chǔ士shì之zhī横héng议yì。约yuē其qí制zhì,复fù其qí位wèi,俭jiǎn不bù为wéi其qí陋lòu,奢shē不bù为wéi其qí肆sì。斟zhēn酌zhuó乎hū三sān五wǔ,拟nǐ议yì乎hū简jiǎn易yì。展zhǎn宗zōng祀sì之zhī礼lǐ,正zhèng朝zhāo会huì之zhī义yì。广guǎng明míng堂táng之zhī妙miào道dào,极jí真zhēn人rén之zhī能néng事shì。以yǐ至zhì圣shèng子zǐ神shén孙sūn,亿yì千qiān万wàn期qī,登dēng于yú斯sī,念niàn于yú斯sī,受shòu天tiān之zhī禧xǐ,与yǔ天tiān下xià宜yí而ér已yǐ乎hū。