资治通鉴 · 卷三十四 · 汉纪二十六

宋 · 司马光

起qǐ柔róu兆zhào执zhí徐xú,尽jìn著zhù雍yōng敦dūn牂zāng,凡fán三sān年nián。

孝xiào哀āi皇huáng帝dì中zhōng建jiàn平píng二èr年nián(丙bǐng辰chén,公gōng元yuán前qián五wǔ年nián)

春chūn,正zhèng月yuè,有yǒu星xīng孛bèi于yú牵qiān牛niú。

丁dīng、傅fù宗zōng族zú骄jiāo奢shē,皆jiē嫉jí傅fù喜xǐ之zhī恭gōng俭jiǎn。又yòu,傅fù太tài后hòu欲yù求称chēng尊zūn号hào,与yǔ成chéng帝dì母mǔ齐qí尊zūn;喜xǐ与yǔ孔kǒng光guāng、师shī丹dān共gòng执zhí以yǐ为wéi不bù可kě。上shàng重zhòng违wéi大dà臣chén正zhèng议yì,又yòu内nèi迫pò傅fù太tài后hòu,依yī违wéi者zhě连lián岁suì。傅fù太tài后hòu大dà怒nù,上shàng不bù得dé已yǐ,先xiān免miǎn师shī丹dān以yǐ感gǎn动dòng喜xǐ。喜xǐ终zhōng不bù顺shùn。硃zhū博bó与yǔ孔kǒng乡xiāng侯hóu傅fù晏yàn连lián结jié,共gòng谋móu成chéng尊zūn号hào事shì,数shù燕yàn见jiàn,奏zòu封fēng事shì,毁huǐ短duǎn喜xǐ及jí孔kǒng光guāng。丁dīng丑chǒu,上shàng遂suì策cè免miǎn喜xǐ,以yǐ侯hóu就jiù第dì。

御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū官guān既jì罢bà,议yì者zhě多duō以yǐ为wéi古gǔ今jīn异yì制zhì,汉hàn自zì天tiān子zǐ之zhī号hào下xià至zhì佐zuǒ史shǐ,皆jiē不bù同tóng于yú古gǔ,而ér独dú改gǎi三sān公gōng,职zhí事shì难nán分fēn明míng,无wú益yì于yú治zhì乱luàn。于yú是shì硃zhū博bó奏zòu言yán:“故gù事shì:选xuǎn郡jùn国guó守shǒu相xiāng高gāo第dì为wéi中zhōng二èr千qiān石shí,选xuǎn中zhōng二èr千qiān石shí为wéi御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū,任rèn职zhí者zhě为wéi丞chéng相xiāng;位wèi次cì有yǒu序xù,所suǒ以yǐ尊zūn圣shèng德dé,重zhòng国guó相xiāng也yě。今jīn中zhōng二èr千qiān石shí未wèi更gēng御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū而ér为wéi丞chéng相xiāng,权quán轻qīng,非fēi所suǒ以yǐ重zhòng国guó政zhèng也yě。臣chén愚yú以yǐ为wéi大dà司sī空kōng官guān可kě罢bà,复fù置zhì御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū,遵zūn奉fèng旧jiù制zhì。臣chén愿yuàn尽jìn力lì以yǐ御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū为wéi百bǎi僚liáo率shuài!”上shàng从cóng之zhī。夏xià,四sì月yuè,戊wù午wǔ,更gēng拜bài博bó为wéi御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū。又yòu以yǐ丁dīng太tài后hòu兄xiōng阳yáng安ān侯hóu明míng为wéi大dà司sī马mǎ、卫wèi将jiāng军jūn,置zhì官guān属shǔ;大dà司sī马mǎ冠guān号hào如rú故gù事shì。

傅fù太tài后hòu又yòu自zì诏zhào丞chéng相xiāng、御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū曰yuē:“高gāo武wǔ侯hóu喜xǐ附fù下xià罔wǎng上shàng,与yǔ故gù大dà司sī空kōng丹dān同tóng心xīn背bèi畔pàn,放fàng命mìng圮pǐ族zú,不bù宜yí奉fèng朝zhāo请qǐng,其qí遣qiǎn就jiù国guó。”

丞chéng相xiāng孔kǒng光guāng,自zì先xiān帝dì时shí议yì继jì嗣sì,有yǒu持chí异yì之zhī隙xì,又yòu重zhòng忤wǔ傅fù太tài后hòu指zhǐ。由yóu是shì傅fù氏shì在zài位wèi者zhě与yǔ硃zhū博bó为wéi表biǎo里lǐ,共gòng毁huǐ谮zèn光guāng。乙yǐ亥hài,策cè免miǎn光guāng为wéi庶shù人rén。以yǐ御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū硃zhū博bó为wéi丞chéng相xiāng,封fēng阳yáng乡xiāng侯hóu;少shǎo府fǔ赵zhào玄xuán为wéi御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū。临lín延yán登dēng受shòu策cè,有yǒu大dà声shēng如rú钟zhōng鸣míng,殿diàn中zhōng郎láng吏lì陛bì者zhě皆jiē闻wén焉yān。上shàng以yǐ问wèn黄huáng门mén侍shì郎láng蜀shǔ郡jùn扬yáng雄xióng及jí李lǐ寻xún。寻xún对duì曰yuē:“此cǐ《洪hóng范fàn》所suǒ谓wèi鼓gǔ妖yāo者zhě也yě。师shī法fǎ,以yǐ为wéi人rén君jūn不bù聪cōng,为wéi众zhòng所suǒ惑huò,空kōng名míng得dé进jìn,则zé有yǒu声shēng无wú形xíng,不bù知zhī所suǒ从cóng生shēng。其qí《传chuán》曰yuē:‘岁suì、月yuè、日rì之zhī中zhōng,则zé正zhèng卿qīng受shòu之zhī。’今jīn以yǐ四sì月yuè日rì加jiā辰chén、已yǐ有yǒu异yì,是shì为wéi中zhōng焉yān。正zhèng卿qīng,谓wèi执zhí政zhèng大dà臣chén也yě。宜yí退tuì丞chéng相xiāng、御yù史shǐ,以yǐ应yīng天tiān变biàn。然rán虽suī不bù退tuì,不bù出chū期qī年nián,其qí人rén自zì蒙mēng其qí咎jiù。”扬yáng雄xióng亦yì以yǐ为wéi:“鼓gǔ妖yāo,听tīng失shī之zhī象xiàng也yě。硃zhū博bó为wéi人rén强qiáng毅yì,多duō权quán谋móu,宜yí将jiāng不bù宜yí相xiāng,恐kǒng有yǒu凶xiōng恶è亟jí疾jí之zhī怒nù。”上shàng不bù听tīng。

硃zhū博bó既jì为wéi丞chéng相xiāng,上shàng遂suì用yòng其qí议yì,下xià诏zhào曰yuē:“定dìng陶táo共gòng皇huáng之zhī号hào,不bù宜yí复fù称chēng定dìng陶táo。尊zūn共gòng皇huáng太tài后hòu曰yuē帝dì太tài太tài后hòu,称chēng永yǒng信xìn宫gōng;共gòng皇huáng后hòu曰yuē帝dì太tài后hòu,称chēng中zhōng安ān宫gōng;为wéi共gòng皇huáng立lì寝qǐn庙miào于yú京jīng师shī,比bǐ宣xuān帝dì父fù悼dào皇huáng考kǎo制zhì度dù。”于yú是shì四sì太tài后hòu各gè置zhì少shǎo府fǔ、太tài仆pū,秩zhì皆jiē中zhōng二èr千qiān石shí。傅fù太tài后hòu既jì尊zūn后hòu。尤yóu骄jiāo,与yǔ太tài皇huáng太tài后hòu语yǔ,至zhì谓wèi之zhī“妪yù”。时shí丁dīng、傅fù以yǐ一yī二èr年nián间jiān暴bào兴xīng尤yóu盛shèng,为wéi公gōng卿qīng列liè侯hóu者zhě甚shèn众zhòng。然rán帝dì不bù甚shèn假jiǎ以yǐ权quán势shì,不bù如rú王wáng氏shì在zài成chéng帝dì世shì也yě。

丞chéng相xiāng博bó、御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū玄xuán奏zòu言yán:“前qián高gāo昌chāng侯hóu宏hóng,首shǒu建jiàn尊zūn号hào之zhī议yì,而ér为wéi关guān内nèi侯hóu师shī丹dān所suǒ劾hé奏zòu,免miǎn为wéi庶shù人rén。时shí天tiān下xià衰shuāi粗cū,委wěi政zhèng于yú丹dān,丹dān不bù深shēn惟wéi褒bāo广guǎng尊zūn号hào之zhī义yì,而ér妄wàng称chēng说shuō,抑yì贬biǎn尊zūn号hào,亏kuī损sǔn孝xiào道dào,不bù忠zhōng莫mò大dà焉yān!陛bì下xià仁rén圣shèng,昭zhāo然rán定dìng尊zūn号hào,宏hóng以yǐ忠zhōng孝xiào复fù封fēng高gāo昌chāng侯hóu;丹dān恶è逆nì暴bào著zhù,虽suī蒙mēng赦shè令líng,不bù宜yí有yǒu爵jué邑yì,请qǐng免miǎn为wéi庶shù人rén。”奏zòu可kě。又yòu奏zòu:“新xīn都dū侯hóu王wáng莽mǎng前qián为wéi大dà司sī马mǎ,不bù广guǎng尊zūn尊zūn之zhī义yì,抑yì贬biǎn尊zūn号hào,亏kuī损sǔn孝xiào道dào,当dāng伏fú显xiǎn戮lù。幸xìng蒙mēng赦shè令líng,不bù宜yí有yǒu爵jué土tǔ,请qǐng免miǎn为wéi庶shù人rén。”上shàng曰yuē:“以yǐ莽mǎng与yǔ太tài皇huáng太tài后hòu有yǒu属shǔ,勿wù免miǎn,遣qiǎn就jiù国guó。”及jí平píng阿ā侯hóu仁rén臧zāng匿nì赵zhào昭zhāo仪yí亲qīn属shǔ,皆jiē遣qiǎn就jiù国guó。

天tiān下xià多duō冤yuān王wáng氏shì者zhě。谏jiàn大dà夫fū杨yáng宣xuān上shàng封fēng事shì言yán:“孝xiào成chéng皇huáng帝dì深shēn惟wéi宗zōng庙miào之zhī重zhòng,称chēng述shù陛bì下xià至zhì德dé以yǐ承chéng天tiān序xù,圣shèng策cè深shēn远yuǎn,恩ēn德dé至zhì厚hòu。惟wéi念niàn先xiān帝dì之zhī意yì,岂qǐ不bù欲yù以yǐ陛bì下xià自zì代dài,奉fèng承chéng东dōng宫gōng哉zāi!太tài皇huáng太tài后hòu春chūn秋qiū七qī十shí,数shù更gēng忧yōu伤shāng,敕chì令líng亲qīn属shǔ引yǐn领lǐng以yǐ避bì丁dīng、傅fù,行háng道dào之zhī人rén为wéi之zhī陨yǔn涕tì,况kuàng于yú陛bì下xià!时shí登dēng高gāo远yuǎn望wàng,独dú不bù惭cán于yú延yán陵líng乎hū!”帝dì深shēn感gǎn其qí言yán,复fù封fēng成chéng都dū侯hóu商shāng中zhōng子zǐ邑yì为wéi成chéng都dū侯hóu。

硃zhū博bó又yòu奏zòu言yán:“汉hàn家jiā故gù事shì,置zhì部bù刺cì史shǐ,秩zhì卑bēi而ér赏shǎng厚hòu,咸xián劝quàn功gōng乐lè进jìn。前qián罢bà刺cì史shǐ,更gēng置zhì州zhōu牧mù,秩zhì真zhēn二èr千qiān石shí,位wèi次cì九卿qīng;九卿qīng缺quē,以yǐ高gāo第dì补bǔ;其qí中zhōng材cái则zé苟gǒu自zì守shǒu而ér已yǐ。恐kǒng功gōng效xiào陵líng夷yí,奸jiān轨guǐ不bù禁jīn。臣chén请qǐng罢bà州zhōu牧mù,置zhì刺cì史shǐ如rú故gù。”上shàng从cóng之zhī。六liù月yuè,庚gēng申shēn,帝dì太tài后hòu丁dīng氏shì崩bēng,诏zhào归guī葬zàng定dìng陶táo共gòng皇huáng之zhī园yuán,发fā陈chén留、济jì阴yīn近jìn郡jùn国guó五wǔ万wàn人rén穿chuān复fù土tǔ。

初chū,成chéng帝dì时shí,齐qí人rén甘gān忠zhōng可kě诈zhà造zào《天tiān官guān历lì》、《包bāo元yuán太tài平píng经jīng》十shí二èr卷juàn,言yán汉hàn家jiā逢féng天tiān地dì之zhī大dà终zhōng,当dāng更gēng受shòu命mìng于yú天tiān,以yǐ教jiào渤bó海hǎi夏xià贺hè良liáng等děng。中zhōng垒lěi校xiào尉wèi刘向xiàng奏zòu忠zhōng可kě假jiǎ鬼guǐ神shén,罔wǎng上shàng惑huò众zhòng;下xià狱yù,治zhì服fú;未wèi断duàn,病bìng死sǐ。贺hè良liáng等děng复fù私sī以yǐ相xiāng教jiào。上shàng即jí位wèi,司sī隶lì校xiào尉wèi解jiě光guāng、骑qí都dū尉wèi李lǐ寻xún白bái贺hè良liáng等děng,皆jiē待dài诏zhào黄huáng门mén。数shù召zhào见jiàn,陈chén说shuō“汉hàn历lì中zhōng衰shuāi,当dāng更gēng受shòu命mìng。成chéng帝dì不bù应yīng天tiān命mìng,故gù绝jué嗣sì。今jīn陛bì下xià久疾jí,变biàn异yì屡数shù,天tiān所suǒ以yǐ谴qiǎn告gào人rén也yě。宜yí急jí改gǎi元yuán易yì号hào,乃nǎi得dé延yán年nián益yì寿shòu,皇huáng子zǐ生shēng,灾zāi异yì息xī矣yǐ。得dé道dào不bù得dé行háng,咎jiù殃yāng且qiě无wú不bù有yǒu,洪hóng水shuǐ将jiāng出chū,灾zāi火huǒ且qiě起qǐ,涤dí荡dàng民mín人rén。”上shàng久寝qǐn疾jí,冀jì其qí有yǒu益yì,遂suì从cóng贺hè良liáng等děng议yì,诏zhào大dà赦shè天tiān下xià,以yǐ建jiàn平píng二èr年nián为wéi太tài初chū元yuán年nián,号hào曰yuē“陈chén圣shèng刘太tài平píng皇huáng帝dì”,漏lòu刻kè以yǐ百bǎi二èr十shí为wéi度dù。

秋qiū,七qī月yuè,以yǐ渭wèi城chéng西xī北běi原yuán上shàng永yǒng陵líng亭tíng部bù为wéi初chū陵líng,勿wù徙xǐ郡jùn国guó民mín。

上shàng既jì改gǎi号hào月yuè馀yú,寝qǐn疾jí自zì若ruò。夏xià贺hè良liáng等děng复fù欲yù妄wàng变biàn政zhèng事shì,大dà臣chén争zhēng以yǐ为wéi不bù可kě许xǔ。贺hè良liáng等děng奏zòu言yán:“大dà臣chén皆jiē不bù知zhī天tiān命mìng,宜yí退tuì丞chéng相xiāng、御yù史shǐ,以yǐ解jiě光guāng、李lǐ寻xún辅fǔ政zhèng。”上shàng以yǐ其qí言yán无wú验yàn,八bā月yuè,诏zhào曰yuē:“待dài诏zhào贺hè良liáng等děng建jiàn言yán改gǎi元yuán易yì号hào,增zēng益yì漏lòu刻kè,可kě以yǐ永yǒng安ān国guó家jiā。朕zhèn信xìn道dào不bù笃dǔ,过guò听tīng其qí言yán,冀jì为wéi百bǎi姓xìng获huò福fú,卒zú无wú嘉jiā应yīng。夫fū过guò而ér不bù改gǎi,是shì谓wèi过guò矣yǐ!六liù月yuè甲jiǎ子zǐ诏zhào书shū,非fēi赦shè令líng,皆jiē蠲juān除chú之zhī。贺hè良liáng等děng反fǎn道dào惑huò众zhòng,奸jiān态tài当dāng穷qióng竟jìng。”皆jiē下xià狱yù,伏fú诛zhū。寻xún及jí解jiě光guāng减jiǎn死sǐ一yī等děng,徙xǐ敦dūn煌huáng郡jùn。

上shàng以yǐ寝qǐn疾jí,尽jìn复fù前qián世shì所suǒ尝cháng兴xīng诸zhū神shén祠cí凡fán七qī百bǎi馀yú所suǒ,一yī岁suì三sān万wàn七qī千qiān祠cí云yún。

傅fù太tài后hòu怨yuàn傅fù喜xǐ不bù已yǐ,使shǐ孔kǒng乡xiāng侯hóu晏yàn风fēng丞chéng相xiāng硃zhū博bó令líng奏zòu免miǎn喜xǐ侯hóu。博bó与yǔ御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū赵zhào玄xuán议yì之zhī,玄xuán言yán:“事shì已yǐ前qián决jué,得dé无wú不bù宜yí?”博bó曰yuē:“已yǐ许xǔ孔kǒng乡xiāng侯hóu矣yǐ。匹pǐ夫fū相xiāng要yào,尚shàng相xiāng得dé死sǐ,何hé况kuàng至zhì尊zūn!博bó唯wéi有yǒu死sǐ耳ěr!”玄xuán即jí许xǔ可kě。博bó恶è独dú斥chì奏zòu喜xǐ,以yǐ故gù大dà司sī空kōng汜sì乡xiāng侯hóu何hé武wǔ前qián亦yì坐zuò过guò免miǎn就jiù国guó,事shì与yǔ喜xǐ相xiāng似sì,即jí并bìng奏zòu:“喜xǐ、武wǔ前qián在zài位wèi,皆jiē无wú益yì于yú治zhì,虽suī已yǐ退tuì免miǎn,爵jué土tǔ之zhī封fēng,非fēi所suǒ当dāng也yě。皆jiē请qǐng免miǎn为wéi庶shù人rén。”上shàng知zhī傅fù太tài后hòu素sù尝cháng怨yuàn喜xǐ,疑yí博bó、玄xuán承chéng指zhǐ,即jí召zhào玄xuán诣yì尚shàng书shū问wèn状zhuàng,玄xuán辞cí服fú。有yǒu诏zhào:“左zuǒ将jiāng军jūn彭péng宣xuān与yǔ中zhōng朝zhāo者zhě杂zá问wèn”,宣xuān等děng奏zòu劾hé“博bó、玄xuán、晏yàn皆jiē不bù道dào,不bù敬jìng,请qǐng召zhào诣yì廷tíng尉wèi诏zhào狱yù”。上shàng减jiǎn玄xuán死sǐ罪zuì三sān等děng;削xiāo晏yàn户hù四sì分fēn之zhī一yī;假jiǎ谒yè者zhě节jié召zhào丞chéng相xiāng诣yì廷tíng尉wèi,博bó自zì杀shā,国guó除chú。

九月yuè,以yǐ光guāng禄lù勋xūn平píng当dāng为wéi御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū;冬dōng,十shí月yuè,甲jiǎ寅yín,迁qiān为wéi丞chéng相xiāng;以yǐ冬dōng月yuè故gù,且qiě赐cì爵jué关guān内nèi侯hóu。以yǐ京jīng兆zhào尹yǐn平píng陵líng王wáng喜xǐ为wéi御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū。

上shàng欲yù令líng丁dīng、傅fù处chǔ爪zhǎo牙yá官guān,是shì岁suì,策cè免miǎn左zuǒ将jiāng军jūn淮huái阳yáng彭péng宣xuān,以yǐ关guān内nèi侯hóu归guī家jiā,而ér以yǐ光guāng禄lù勋xūn丁dīng望wàng代dài为wéi左zuǒ将jiāng军jūn。

乌wū孙sūn卑bēi爰yuán疐zhì侵qīn盗dào匈xiōng奴nú西xī界jiè,单dān于yú遣qiǎn兵bīng击jī之zhī,杀shā数shù百bǎi人rén,略千qiān馀yú人rén,驱qū牛niú畜xù去qù。卑bēi爰yuán疐zhì恐kǒng,遣qiǎn子zǐ趋qū逯lù为wéi质zhì匈xiōng奴nú,单dān于yú受shòu,以yǐ状zhuàng闻wén。汉hàn遣qiǎn使shǐ者zhě责zé让ràng单dān于yú,告gào令líng还huán归guī卑bēi爰yuán疐zhì质zhì子zǐ。单dān于yú受shòu诏zhào遣qiǎn归guī。

孝xiào哀āi皇huáng帝dì中zhōng建jiàn平píng三sān年nián(丁dīng巳sì,公gōng元yuán前qián四sì年nián)

春chūn,正zhèng月yuè,立lì广guǎng德dé夷yí王wáng弟dì广guǎng汉hàn为wéi广guǎng平píng王wáng。

癸guǐ卯mǎo,帝dì太tài太tài后hòu所suǒ居jū桂guì宫gōng正zhèng殿diàn火huǒ。

上shàng使shǐ使shǐ者zhě召zhào丞chéng相xiāng平píng当dāng,欲yù封fēng之zhī。当dāng病bìng笃dǔ,不bù应yīng召zhào。室shì家jiā或huò谓wèi当dāng:“不bù可kě强qiáng起qǐ受shòu侯hóu印yìn为wéi子zǐ孙sūn邪xié?”当dāng日rì:“吾wú居jū大dà位wèi,已yǐ负fù素sù餐cān责zé矣yǐ。起qǐ受shòu侯hóu印yìn,还huán卧wò而ér死sǐ,死sǐ有yǒu馀yú罪zuì。今jīn不bù起qǐ者zhě,所suǒ以yǐ为wéi子zǐ孙sūn也yě!”遂suì上shàng书shū乞qǐ骸hái骨gǔ,上shàng不bù许xǔ。三sān月yuè,己jǐ酉yǒu,当dāng薨hōng。

有yǒu星xīng孛bèi于yú河hé鼓gǔ。

夏xià,四sì月yuè,丁dīng酉yǒu,王wáng嘉jiā为wéi丞chéng相xiāng,河hé南nán太tài守shǒu王wáng崇chóng为wéi御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū。崇chóng,京jīng兆zhào尹yǐn骏jùn之zhī子zǐ也yě。嘉jiā以yǐ时shí政zhèng苛kē急jí,郡jùn国guó守shǒu相xiāng数shù有yǒu变biàn动dòng,乃nǎi上shàng疏shū曰yuē:“臣chén闻wén圣shèng王wáng之zhī功gōng在zài于yú得dé人rén。孔kǒng子zǐ曰yuē:‘材cái难nán,不bù其qí然rán与yǔ!’故gù继jì世shì立lì诸zhū侯hóu,象xiàng贤xián也yě。虽suī不bù能néng尽jìn贤xián,天tiān子zǐ为wéi择zé臣chén、立lì命mìng卿qīng以yǐ辅fǔ之zhī。居jū是shì国guó也yě,累léi世shì尊zūn重zhòng,然rán后hòu士shì民mín之zhī众zhòng附fù焉yān。是shì以yǐ教jiào化huà行háng而ér治zhì功gōng立lì。今jīn之zhī郡jùn守shǒu重zhòng于yú古gǔ诸zhū侯hóu,往wǎng者zhě致zhì选xuǎn贤xián材cái,贤xián材cái难nán得dé,拔bá擢zhuó可kě用yòng者zhě,或huò起qǐ于yú囚徒tú。昔xī魏wèi尚shàng坐zuò事shì系xì,文wén帝dì感gǎn冯féng唐táng之zhī言yán,遗yí使shǐ持chí节jié赦shè其qí罪zuì,拜bài为wéi云yún中zhōng太tài守shǒu,匈xiōng奴nú忌jì之zhī。武wǔ帝dì擢zhuó韩hán安ān国guó于yú徒tú中zhōng,拜bài为wéi梁liáng内nèi史shǐ,骨gǔ肉ròu以yǐ安ān。张zhāng敞chǎng为wéi京jīng兆zhào尹yǐn,有yǒu罪zuì当dāng免miǎn,黠xiá吏lì知zhī而ér犯fàn敞chǎng,敞chǎng收shōu杀shā之zhī,其qí家jiā自zì冤yuān,使shǐ者zhě覆fù狱yù,劾hé敞chǎng贼zéi杀shā人rén,上shàng逮dài捕bǔ不bù下xià,会huì免miǎn;亡wáng命mìng十shí数shù日rì,宣xuān帝dì征zhēng敞chǎng拜bài为wéi冀jì州zhōu刺cì史shǐ,卒zú获huò其qí用yòng。前qián世shì非fēi私sī此cǐ三sān人rén,贪tān其qí材cái器qì有yǒu益yì于yú公gōng家jiā也yě。孝xiào文wén时shí,吏lì居jū官guān者zhě或huò长cháng子zǐ孙sūn,以yǐ官guān为wéi氏shì,仓cāng氏shì、库kù氏shì则zé仓cāng库kù吏lì之zhī后hòu也yě;其qí二èr千qiān石shí长cháng吏lì亦yì安ān官guān乐lè职zhí,然rán后hòu上shàng下xià相xiāng望wàng,莫mò有yǒu苟gǒu且qiě之zhī意yì。其qí后hòu稍shāo稍shāo变biàn易yì,公gōng卿qīng以yǐ下xià传chuán相xiāng促cù急jí,又yòu数shù改gǎi更gēng政zhèng事shì,司sī隶lì、部bù刺cì史shǐ举jǔ劾hé苛kē细xì,发fā扬yáng阴yīn私sī,吏lì或huò居jū官guān数shù月yuè而ér退tuì,送sòng故gù迎yíng新xīn,交jiāo错cuò道dào路lù。中zhōng材cái苟gǒu容róng求全quán,下xià材cái怀huái危wēi内nèi顾gù,壹yī切qiē营yíng私sī者zhě多duō。二èr千qiān石shí益yì轻qīng贱jiàn,吏lì民mín慢màn易yì之zhī,或huò持chí其qí微wēi过guò,增zēng加jiā成chéng罪zuì,言yán于yú刺cì史shǐ、司sī隶lì,或huò上shàng书shū告gào之zhī。众zhòng庶shù知zhī其qí易yì危wēi,小xiǎo失shī意yì则zé有yǒu离lí畔pàn之zhī心xīn。前qián山shān阳yáng亡wáng徒tú苏sū令líng等děng纵zòng横héng,吏lì士shì临lín难nán,莫mò肯kěn伏fú节jié死sǐ义yì,以yǐ守shǒu、相xiāng威wēi权quán素sù夺duó也yě。孝xiào成chéng皇huáng帝dì悔huǐ之zhī,下xià诏zhào书shū,二èr千qiān石shí不bù为wéi故gù纵zòng,遣qiǎn使shǐ者zhě赐cì金jīn,尉wèi厚hòu其qí意yì,诚chéng以yǐ为wéi国guó家jiā有yǒu急jí,取qǔ办bàn于yú二èr千qiān石shí;二èr千qiān石shí尊zūn重zhòng难nán危wēi,乃nǎi能néng使shǐ下xià。孝xiào宣xuān皇huáng帝dì爱ài其qí善shàn治zhì民mín之zhī吏lì,有yǒu章zhāng劾hé事shì留中zhōng,会huì赦shè壹yī解jiě。故gù事shì:尚shàng书shū希xī下xià章zhāng,为wéi烦fán扰rǎo百bǎi姓xìng,证zhèng验yàn系xì治zhì,或huò死sǐ狱yù中zhōng,章zhāng文wén必bì有yǒu‘敢gǎn告gào之zhī’字zì乃nǎi下xià。唯wéi陛bì下xià留神shén于yú择zé贤xián,记jì善shàn忘wàng过guò,容róng忍rěn臣chén子zǐ,勿wù责zé以yǐ备bèi。二èr千qiān石shí、部bù刺cì史shǐ、三sān辅fǔ县xiàn令líng有yǒu材cái任rèn职zhí者zhě,人rén情qíng不bù能néng不bù有yǒu过guò差chà,宜yí可kě阔kuò略,令líng尽jìn力lì者zhě有yǒu所suǒ劝quàn。此cǐ方fāng今jīn急jí务wù,国guó家jiā之zhī利lì也yě。前qián苏sū令líng发fā,欲yù遣qiǎn大dà夫fū使shǐ逐zhú问wèn状zhuàng,时shí见jiàn大dà夫fū无wú可kě使shǐ者zhě,召zhào盩zhōu厔zhì令líng尹yǐn逢féng,拜bài为wéi谏jiàn大dà夫fū遣qiǎn之zhī。今jīn诸zhū大dà夫fū有yǒu材cái能néng者zhě甚shèn少shǎo,宜yí豫yù畜xù养yǎng可kě成chéng就jiù者zhě,则zé士shì赴fù难nán不bù爱ài其qí死sǐ。临lín事shì仓cāng卒zú乃nǎi求,非fēi所suǒ以yǐ明míng朝zhāo廷tíng也yě。”嘉jiā因yīn荐jiàn儒rú者zhě公gōng孙sūn光guāng、满mǎn昌chāng及jí能néng吏lì萧xiāo咸xián、薛xuē修等děng,皆jiē故gù二èr千qiān石shí有yǒu名míng称chēng者zhě,天tiān子zǐ纳nà而ér用yòng之zhī。

六liù月yuè,立lì鲁lǔ顷qǐng王wáng子zǐ部bù乡xiāng侯hóu闵mǐn为wéi王wáng。

上shàng以yǐ寝qǐn疾jí未wèi定dìng,冬dōng,十shí一yī月yuè,壬rén子zǐ,令líng太tài皇huáng太tài后hòu下xià诏zhào复fù甘gān泉quán泰tài畤zhì、汾fén阴yīn后hòu土tǔ祠cí,罢bà南nán、北běi郊jiāo。上shàng亦yì不bù能néng亲qīn至zhì甘gān泉quán、河hé东dōng,遣qiǎn有yǒu司sī行háng事shì而ér礼lǐ祠cí焉yān。

无wú盐yán危wēi山shān土tǔ自zì起qǐ覆fù草cǎo,如rú驰chí道dào状zhuàng;又yòu,瓠hù山shān石shí转zhuǎn立lì。东dōng平píng王wáng云yún及jí后hòu谒yè自zì之zhī石shí所suǒ祭jì,治zhì石shí象xiàng瓠hù山shān立lì石shí,束shù倍bèi草cǎo,并bìng祠cí之zhī。河hé内nèi息xī夫fū躬gōng、长cháng安ān孙sūn宠chǒng相xiāng与yǔ谋móu共gòng告gào之zhī,曰yuē:“此cǐ取qǔ封fēng侯hóu之zhī计jì也yě。”乃nǎi与yǔ中zhōng郎láng谷gǔ师shī谭tán共gòng因yīn中zhōng常cháng侍shì宋sòng弘hóng上shàng变biàn事shì,告gào焉yān。是shì时shí上shàng被bèi疾jí,多duō所suǒ恶è,事shì下xià有yǒu司sī,逮dài王wáng后hòu谒yè下xià狱yù验yàn治zhì;服fú“祠cí祭jì诅zǔ祝zhù上shàng,为wéi云yún求为wéi天tiān子zǐ,以yǐ为wéi石shí立lì,宣xuān帝dì起qǐ之zhī表biǎo也yě。”有yǒu司sī请qǐng诛zhū王wáng,有yǒu诏zhào,废fèi徙xǐ房fáng陵líng。云yún自zì杀shā,谒yè并bìng舅jiù伍wǔ宏hóng及jí成chéng帝dì舅jiù安ān成chéng共gòng侯hóu夫fū人rén放fàng,皆jiē弃qì市shì。事shì连lián御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū王wáng崇chóng,左zuǒ迁qiān大dà司sī农nóng。擢zhuó宠chǒng为wéi南nán阳yáng太tài守shǒu,谭tán颍yǐng川chuān都dū尉wèi,弘hóng、躬gōng皆jiē光guāng禄lù大dà夫fū、左zuǒ曹cáo、给gěi事shì中zhōng。

孝xiào哀āi皇huáng帝dì中zhōng建jiàn平píng四sì年nián(戊wù午wǔ,公gōng元yuán前qián三sān年nián)

春chūn,正zhèng月yuè,大dà旱hàn。

关guān东dōng民mín无wú故gù惊jīng走zǒu,持chí稿gǎo或huò槀gǎo一yī枚méi,转zhuǎn相xiāng付fù与yǔ,曰yuē行háng西xī王wáng母mǔ筹chóu,道dào中zhōng相xiāng过guò逢féng,多duō至zhì千qiān数shù,或huò被bèi发fā徒tú跣xiǎn,或huò夜yè折zhē关guān,或huò逾yú墙qiáng入rù,或huò乘chéng车chē骑qí奔bēn驰chí,以yǐ置zhì驿yì传chuán行háng,经jīng历lì郡jùn国guó二èr十shí六liù至zhì京jīng师shī,不bù可kě禁jīn止zhǐ。民mín又yòu聚jù会huì里lǐ巷xiàng阡qiān陌mò,设shè张zhāng博bó具jù,歌gē舞wǔ祠cí西xī王wáng母mǔ,至zhì秋qiū乃nǎi止zhǐ。

上shàng欲yù封fēng傅fù太tài后hòu从cóng父fù弟dì侍shì中zhōng、光guāng禄lù大dà夫fū商shāng,尚shàng书shū仆pū射shè平píng陵líng郑zhèng崇chóng谏jiàn曰yuē:“孝xiào成chéng皇huáng帝dì封fēng亲qīn舅jiù五wǔ侯hóu,天tiān为wéi赤chì黄huáng,昼zhòu昏hūn,日rì中zhōng有yǒu黑hēi气qì。孔kǒng乡xiāng侯hóu,皇huáng后hòu父fù,高gāo武wǔ侯hóu以yǐ三sān公gōng封fēng,尚shàng有yǒu因yīn缘yuán。今jīn无wú故gù欲yù复fù封fēng商shāng,坏huài乱luàn制zhì度dù,逆nì天tiān人rén之zhī心xīn,非fēi傅fù氏shì之zhī福fú也yě!臣chén愿yuàn以yǐ身shēn命mìng当dāng国guó咎jiù!”崇chóng因yīn持chí诏zhào书shū案àn起qǐ。傅fù太tài后hòu大dà怒nù曰yuē:“何hé有yǒu为wéi天tiān子zǐ乃nǎi反fǎn为wéi一yī臣chén所suǒ颛zhuān制zhì邪xié!”

二èr月yuè,癸guǐ卯mǎo,上shàng遂suì下xià诏zhào封fēng商shāng为wéi汝rǔ昌chāng侯hóu。

驸fù马mǎ都dū尉wèi、侍shì中zhōng云yún阳yáng董dǒng贤xián得dé幸xìng于yú上shàng,出chū则zé参cān乘chéng,入rù御yù左zuǒ右yòu,赏shǎng赐cì累léi巨jù万wàn,贵guì震zhèn朝zhāo廷tíng。常cháng与yǔ上shàng卧wò起qǐ。尝cháng昼zhòu寝qǐn,偏piān藉jiè上shàng袖xiù,上shàng欲yù起qǐ,贤xián未wèi觉jué,不bù欲yù动dòng贤xián,乃nǎi断duàn袖xiù而ér起qǐ。又yòu诏zhào贤xián妻qī得dé通tōng引yǐn籍jí殿diàn中zhōng,止zhǐ贤xián庐lú。又yòu召zhào贤xián女nǚ弟dì以yǐ为wéi昭zhāo仪yí,位wèi次cì皇huáng后hòu。昭zhāo仪yí及jí贤xián与yǔ妻qī旦dàn夕xī上shàng下xià,并bìng侍shì左zuǒ右yòu。以yǐ贤xián父fù恭gōng为wéi少shǎo府fǔ,赐cì爵jué关guān内nèi侯hóu。诏zhào将jiāng作zuò大dà匠jiàng为wéi贤xián起qǐ大dà第dì北běi阙quē下xià,重zhòng殿diàn,洞dòng门mén,土tǔ木mù之zhī功gōng,穷qióng极jí技jì巧qiǎo。赐cì武wǔ库kù禁jīn兵bīng,上shàng方fāng珍zhēn宝bǎo。其qí选xuǎn物wù上shàng弟dì尽jìn在zài董dǒng氏shì,而ér乘chéng舆yú所suǒ服fú乃nǎi其qí副fù也yě。及jí至zhì东dōng园yuán秘mì器qì、珠zhū襦rú、玉yù柙xiá,豫yù以yǐ赐cì贤xián,无wú不bù备bèi具jù。又yòu令líng将jiāng作zuò为wéi贤xián起qǐ冢zhǒng茔yíng义yì陵líng旁páng,内nèi为wéi便biàn房fáng,刚gāng柏bǎi题tí凑còu,外wài为wéi徼jiǎo道dào,周zhōu垣yuán数shù里lǐ,门mén阙quē罘fú罳sī甚shèn盛shèng。

郑zhèng崇chóng以yǐ贤xián贵guì宠chǒng过guò度dù谏jiàn上shàng,由yóu是shì重zhòng得dé罪zuì,数shù以yǐ职zhí事shì见jiàn责zé;发fā疾jí颈jǐng痈yōng,欲yù乞qǐ骸hái骨gǔ,不bù敢gǎn。尚shàng书shū令líng赵zhào昌chāng佞nìng谄chǎn,素sù害hài崇chóng;知zhī见jiàn疏shū,因yīn奏zòu“崇chóng与yǔ宗zōng族zú通tōng,疑yí有yǒu奸jiān,请qǐng治zhì。”上shàng责zé崇chóng曰yuē:“君jūn门mén如rú市shì人rén,何hé以yǐ欲yù禁jīn切qiē主zhǔ上shàng?”崇chóng对duì曰yuē:“臣chén门mén如rú市shì,臣chén心xīn如rú水shuǐ。愿yuàn得dé考kǎo覆fù!”上shàng怒nù,下xià崇chóng狱yù。司sī隶lì孙sūn宝bǎo上shàng书shū曰yuē:“按àn尚shàng书shū令líng昌chāng奏zòu仆pū射shè崇chóng狱yù,覆fù治zhì,榜bǎng掠将jiāng死sǐ,卒zú无wú一yī辞cí,道dào路lù称chēng冤yuān。疑yí昌chāng与yǔ崇chóng内nèi有yǒu纤xiān介jiè,浸jìn润rùn相xiāng陷xiàn。自zì禁jīn门mén枢shū机jī近jìn臣chén,蒙mēng受shòu冤yuān谮zèn,亏kuī损sǔn国guó家jiā,为wéi谤bàng不bù小xiǎo。臣chén请qǐng治zhì昌chāng以yǐ解jiě众zhòng心xīn。”书shū奏zòu,上shàng下xià诏zhào曰yuē:“司sī隶lì宝bǎo附fù下xià罔wǎng上shàng,以yǐ春chūn月yuè作zuò诋dǐ欺qī,遂suì其qí奸jiān心xīn,盖gài国guó之zhī贼zéi也yě。免miǎn宝bǎo为wéi庶shù人rén。”崇chóng竟jìng死sǐ狱yù中zhōng。

二èr月yuè,丁dīng卯mǎo,诸zhū吏lì、散sàn骑qí、光guāng禄lù勋xūn贾gǔ延yán为wéi御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū。

上shàng欲yù侯hóu董dǒng贤xián而ér未wèi有yǒu缘yuán,侍shì中zhōng傅fù嘉jiā劝quàn上shàng定dìng息xī夫fū躬gōng、孙sūn宠chǒng告gào东dōng平píng本běn章zhāng,掇duō去qù宋sòng弘hóng,更gēng言yán因yīn董dǒng贤xián以yǐ闻wén,欲yù以yǐ其qí功gōng侯hóu之zhī,皆jiē先xiān赐cì爵jué关guān内nèi侯hóu。顷qǐng之zhī,上shàng欲yù封fēng贤xián等děng而ér心xīn惮dàn王wáng嘉jiā,乃nǎi先xiān使shǐ孔kǒng乡xiāng侯hóu晏yàn持chí诏zhào书shū示shì丞chéng相xiāng、御yù史shǐ。于yú是shì嘉jiā与yǔ御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū贾gǔ延yán上shàng封fēng事shì言yán:“窃qiè见jiàn董dǒng贤xián等děng三sān人rén始shǐ赐cì爵jué,众zhòng庶shù匈xiōng匈xiōng,咸xián曰yuē贤xián贵guì,其qí馀yú并bìng蒙mēng恩ēn,至zhì今jīn流言yán未wèi解jiě。陛bì下xià仁rén恩ēn于yú贤xián等děng不bù已yǐ,宜yí暴bào贤xián等děng本běn奏zòu语yǔ言yán,延yán问wèn公gōng卿qīng、大dà夫fū、博bó士shì、议yì郎láng,考kǎo合hé古gǔ今jīn,明míng正zhèng其qí义yì,然rán后hòu乃nǎi加jiā爵jué土tǔ;不bù然rán,恐kǒng大dà失shī众zhòng心xīn,海hǎi内nèi引yǐn领lǐng而ér议yì。暴bào评píng其qí事shì,必bì有yǒu言yán当dāng封fēng者zhě,在zài陛bì下xià所suǒ从cóng;天tiān下xià虽suī不bù说shuō,咎jiù有yǒu所suǒ分fēn,不bù独dú在zài陛bì下xià。前qián定dìng陵líng侯hóu淳chún于yú长cháng初chū封fēng,其qí事shì亦yì议yì,大dà司sī农nóng谷gǔ永yǒng以yǐ长cháng当dāng封fēng;众zhòng人rén归guī咎jiù于yú永yǒng,先xiān帝dì不bù独dú蒙mēng其qí讥jī。臣chén嘉jiā,臣chén延yán,材cái驽nú不bù称chēng,死sǐ有yǒu馀yú责zé,知zhī顺shùn指zhǐ不bù迕wǔ,可kě得dé容róng身shēn须xū臾yú。所suǒ以yǐ不bù敢gǎn者zhě,思sī报bào厚hòu恩ēn也yě。”上shàng不bù得dé已yǐ,且qiě为wéi之zhī止zhǐ。

夏xià,六liù月yuè,尊zūn帝dì太tài太tài后hòu为wéi皇huáng太tài太tài后hòu。

秋qiū,八bā月yuè,辛xīn卯mǎo,上shàng下xià诏zhào切qiē责zé公gōng卿qīng曰yuē:“昔xī楚chǔ有yǒu子zǐ玉yù得dé臣chén,晋jìn文wén为wéi之zhī侧cè席xí而ér坐zuò;近jìn事shì,汲jí黯àn折zhē淮huái南nán之zhī谋móu。今jīn东dōng平píng王wáng云yún等děng至zhì有yǒu图tú弑shì天tiān子zǐ逆nì乱luàn之zhī谋móu者zhě,是shì公gōng卿qīng股gǔ肱gōng莫mò能néng悉xī心xīn、务wù聪cōng明míng以yǐ销xiāo厌yàn未wèi萌méng故gù也yě。赖lài宗zōng庙miào之zhī灵líng,侍shì中zhōng、驸fù马mǎ都dū尉wèi贤xián等děng发fā觉jué以yǐ闻wén,咸xián伏fú厥jué辜gū。《书shū》不bù云yún乎hū:‘用yòng德dé章zhāng厥jué善shàn。’其qí封fēng贤xián为wéi高gāo安ān侯hóu,南nán阳yáng太tài守shǒu宠chǒng为wéi方fāng阳yáng侯hóu,左zuǒ曹cáo、光guāng禄lù大dà夫fū躬gōng为wéi宜yí陵líng侯hóu,赐cì右yòu师shī谭tán爵jué关guān内nèi侯hóu。”又yòu封fēng傅fù太tài后hòu同tóng母mǔ弟dì郑zhèng恽yùn子zǐ业yè为wéi阳yáng信xìn侯hóu。息xī夫fū躬gōng既jì亲qīn近jìn,数shù进jìn见jiàn言yán事shì,议yì论lùn无wú所suǒ避bì,上shàng疏shū历lì诋dǐ公gōng卿qīng大dà臣chén。众zhòng畏wèi其qí口kǒu,见jiàn之zhī仄zè目mù。

上shàng使shǐ中zhōng黄huáng门mén发fā武wǔ库kù兵bīng,前qián后hòu十shí辈bèi,送sòng董dǒng贤xián及jí上shàng乳rǔ母mǔ王wáng阿ā舍shě。执zhí金jīn吾wú毋wú将jiāng隆lóng奏zòu言yán:“武wǔ库kù兵bīng器qì,天tiān下xià公gōng用yòng。国guó家jiā武wǔ备bèi,缮shàn治zhì造zào作zuò,皆jiē度dù大dà司sī农nóng钱qián。大dà司sī农nóng钱qián,自zì乘chéng舆yú不bù以yǐ给gěi共gòng养yǎng;共gòng养yǎng劳láo赐cì,一yī出chū少shǎo府fǔ。盖gài不bù以yǐ本běn臧zāng给gěi末mò用yòng,不bù以yǐ民mín力lì共gòng浮fú费fèi,别bié公gōng私sī,示shì正zhèng路lù也yě。古gǔ者zhě诸zhū侯hóu、方fāng伯bó得dé颛zhuān征zhēng伐fá,乃nǎi赐cì斧fǔ钺yuè,汉hàn家jiā边biān吏lì职zhí任rèn距jù寇kòu,亦yì赐cì武wǔ库kù兵bīng,皆jiē任rèn事shì然rán后hòu蒙mēng之zhī。《春chūn秋qiū》之zhī谊yì,家jiā不bù臧zāng甲jiǎ,所suǒ以yǐ抑yì臣chén威wēi,损sǔn私sī力lì也yě。今jīn贤xián等děng便biàn僻pì弄nòng臣chén,私sī恩ēn微wēi妾qiè,而ér以yǐ天tiān下xià公gōng用yòng给gěi其qí私sī门mén,契qì国guó威wēi器qì,共gòng其qí家jiā备bèi,民mín力lì分fēn于yú弄nòng臣chén,武wǔ兵bīng设shè于yú微wēi妾qiè,建jiàn立lì非fēi宜yí,以yǐ广guǎng骄jiāo僭jiàn,非fēi所suǒ以yǐ示shì四sì方fāng也yě。孔kǒng子zǐ曰yuē:‘奚xī取qǔ于yú三sān家jiā之zhī堂táng!’臣chén请qǐng收shōu还huán武wǔ库kù。”上shàng不bù说shuō。顷qǐng之zhī,傅fù太tài后hòu使shǐ谒yè者zhě贱jiàn买mǎi执zhí金jīn吾wú官guān婢bì八bā人rén,隆lóng奏zòu言yán:“买mǎi贱jiàn,请qǐng更gēng平píng直zhí。”上shàng于yú是shì制zhì诏zhào丞chéng相xiāng、御yù史shǐ:“隆lóng位wèi九卿qīng,既jì无wú以yǐ匡kuāng朝zhāo廷tíng之zhī不bù逮dài,而ér反fǎn奏zòu请qǐng与yǔ永yǒng信xìn宫gōng争zhēng贵guì贱jiàn之zhī贾gǔ,伤shāng化huà失shī俗sú。以yǐ隆lóng前qián有yǒu安ān国guó之zhī言yán,左zuǒ迁qiān为wéi沛pèi郡jùn都dū尉wèi。”初chū,成chéng帝dì末mò,隆lóng为wéi谏jiàn大dà夫fū,尝cháng奏zòu封fēng事shì言yán:“古gǔ者zhě选xuǎn诸zhū侯hóu入rù为wéi公gōng卿qīng,以yǐ褒bāo功gōng德dé,宜yí征zhēng定dìng陶táo王wáng使shǐ在zài国guó邸dǐ,以yǐ填tián万wàn方fāng。”故gù上shàng思sī其qí言yán而ér宥yòu之zhī。

谏jiàn大dà夫fū渤bó海hǎi鲍bào宣xuān上shàng书shū曰yuē:“窃qiè见jiàn孝xiào成chéng皇huáng帝dì时shí,外wài亲qīn持chí权quán,人rén人rén牵qiān引yǐn所suǒ私sī以yǐ充chōng塞sāi朝zhāo廷tíng,妨fáng贤xián人rén路lù,浊zhuó乱luàn天tiān下xià,奢shē泰tài亡wáng度dù,穷qióng困kùn百bǎi姓xìng,是shì以yǐ日rì食shí且qiě十shí,彗huì星xīng四sì起qǐ。危wēi亡wáng之zhī征zhēng,陛bì下xià所suǒ亲qīn见jiàn也yě;今jīn奈nài何hé反fǎn覆fù剧jù于yú前qián乎hū!

“今jīn民mín有yǒu七qī亡wáng:阴yīn阳yáng不bù和hé,水shuǐ旱hàn为wéi灾zāi,一yī亡wáng也yě;县xiàn官guān重zhòng责zé,更gēng赋fù租zū税shuì,二èr亡wáng也yě;贪tān吏lì并bìng公gōng,受shòu取qǔ不bù已yǐ,三sān亡wáng也yě;豪háo强qiáng大dà姓xìng,蚕cán食shí亡wáng厌yàn,四sì亡wáng也yě;苛kē吏lì繇yáo役yì,失shī农nóng桑sāng时shí,五wǔ亡wáng也yě;部bù落là鼓gǔ鸣míng,男nán女nǚ遮zhē列liè,六liù亡wáng也yě;盗dào贼zéi劫jié略,取qǔ民mín财cái物wù,七qī亡wáng也yě。七qī亡wáng尚shàng可kě,又yòu有yǒu七qī死sǐ:酷kù吏lì殴ōu杀shā,一yī死sǐ也yě;治zhì狱yù深shēn刻kè,二èr死sǐ也yě;冤yuān陷xiàn亡wáng辜gū,三sān死sǐ也yě;盗dào贼zéi横héng发fā,四sì死sǐ也yě;怨yuàn雠chóu相xiāng残cán,五wǔ死sǐ也yě;岁suì恶è饥jī饿è,六liù死sǐ也yě;时shí气qì疾jí疫yì,七qī死sǐ也yě。民mín有yǒu七qī亡wáng而ér无wú一yī得dé,欲yù望wàng国guó安ān,诚chéng难nán;民mín有yǒu七qī死sǐ而ér无wú一yī生shēng,欲yù望wàng刑xíng措cuò,诚chéng难nán。此cǐ非fēi公gōng卿qīng、守shǒu相xiāng贪tān残cán成chéng化huà之zhī所suǒ致zhì邪xié?群qún臣chén幸xìng得dé居jū尊zūn官guān,食shí重zhòng禄lù,岂qǐ有yǒu肯kěn加jiā恻cè隐yǐn于yú细xì民mín,助zhù陛bì下xià流教jiào化huà者zhě邪xié?志zhì但dàn在zài营yíng私sī家jiā,称chēng宾bīn客kè,为wéi奸jiān利lì而ér已yǐ。以yǐ苟gǒu容róng曲qū从cóng为wéi贤xián,以yǐ拱gǒng默mò尸shī禄lù为wéi智zhì,谓wèi如rú臣chén宣xuān等děng为wéi愚yú。陛bì下xià擢zhuó臣chén岩yán穴xué,诚chéng翼yì有yǒu益yì豪háo毛máo,岂qǐ徒tú欲yù使shǐ臣chén美měi食shí大dà官guān、重zhòng高gāo门mén之zhī地dì哉zāi!

“天tiān下xià,乃nǎi皇huáng天tiān之zhī天tiān下xià也yě。陛bì下xià上shàng为wéi皇huáng天tiān子zǐ,下xià为wéi黎lí庶shù父fù母mǔ,为wéi天tiān牧mù养yǎng元yuán元yuán,视shì之zhī当dāng如rú一yī,合hé《尸shī鸠》之zhī诗shī。今jīn贫pín民mín菜cài食shí不bù厌yàn,衣yī又yòu穿chuān空kōng,父fù子zǐ、夫fū妇fù不bù能néng相xiāng保bǎo,诚chéng可kě为wéi酸suān鼻bí。陛bì下xià不bù救jiù,将jiāng安ān所suǒ归guī命mìng乎hū!奈nài何hé独dú私sī养yǎng外wài亲qīn与yǔ幸xìng臣chén董dǒng贤xián,多duō赏shǎng赐cì,以yǐ大dà万wàn数shù,使shǐ奴nú从cóng、宾bīn客kè,浆jiāng酒藿huò肉ròu,苍cāng头tóu庐lú儿ér,皆jiē用yòng致zhì富fù,非fēi天tiān意yì也yě。

“及jí汝rǔ昌chāng侯hóu傅fù商shāng,亡wáng功gōng而ér封fēng。夫fū官guān爵jué非fēi陛bì下xià之zhī官guān爵jué,乃nǎi天tiān下xià之zhī官guān爵jué也yě。陛bì下xià取qǔ非fēi其qí官guān,官guān非fēi其qí人rén,而ér望wàng天tiān说shuō民mín服fú,岂qǐ不bù难nán哉zāi!方fāng阳yáng侯hóu孙sūn宠chǒng,宜yí陵líng侯hóu息xī夫fū躬gōng,辩biàn足zú以yǐ移yí众zhòng,强qiáng可kě用yòng独dú立lì,奸jiān人rén之zhī雄xióng,惑huò世shì尤yóu剧jù者zhě也yě,宜yí以yǐ时shí罢bà退tuì。及jí外wài亲qīn幼yòu童tóng未wèi通tōng经jīng术shù者zhě,皆jiē宜yí令líng休xiū,就jiù师shī傅fù。急jí征zhēng故gù大dà司sī马mǎ傅fù喜xǐ,使shǐ领lǐng外wài亲qīn。故gù大dà司sī空kōng何hé武wǔ、师shī丹dān,故gù丞chéng相xiāng孔kǒng光guāng,故gù左zuǒ将jiāng军jūn彭péng宣xuān,经jīng皆jiē更gēng博bó士shì,位wèi皆jiē历lì三sān公gōng;龚gōng胜shèng为wéi司sī直zhí,郡jùn国guó皆jiē慎shèn选xuǎn举jǔ;可kě大dà委wěi任rèn也yě。陛bì下xià前qián以yǐ小xiǎo不bù忍rěn退tuì武wǔ等děng,海hǎi内nèi失shī望wàng。陛bì下xià尚shàng能néng容róng亡wáng功gōng德dé者zhě甚shèn众zhòng,曾zēng不bù能néng忍rěn武wǔ等děng邪xié?治zhì天tiān下xià者zhě,当dāng用yòng天tiān下xià之zhī心xīn为wéi心xīn,不bù得dé自zì专zhuān快kuài意yì而ér已yǐ也yě。”宣xuān语yǔ虽suī刻kè切qiē,上shàng以yǐ宣xuān名míng儒rú,优yōu容róng之zhī。

匈xiōng奴nú单dān于yú上shàng书shū愿yuàn朝zhāo五wǔ年nián。时shí帝dì被bèi疾jí,或huò言yán:“匈xiōng奴nú从cóng上shàng游yóu来lái厌yàn人rén;自zì黄huáng龙lóng、竟jìng宁níng时shí,单dān于yú朝zhāo中zhōng国guó,辄zhé有yǒu大dà故gù。”上shàng由yóu是shì难nán之zhī,以yǐ问wèn公gōng卿qīng,亦yì以yǐ为wéi虚xū费fèi府fǔ帑tǎng,可kě且qiě勿wù许xǔ。单dān于yú使shǐ辞cí去qù,未wèi发fā,黄huáng门mén郎láng扬yáng雄xióng上shàng书shū谏jiàn曰yuē:“臣chén闻wén《六liù经jīng》之zhī治zhì,贵guì于yú未wèi乱luàn;兵bīng家jiā之zhī胜shèng,贵guì于yú未wèi战zhàn;二èr者zhě皆jiē微wēi,然rán而ér大dà事shì之zhī本běn,不bù可kě不bù察chá也yě。今jīn单dān于yú上shàng书shū求朝zhāo,国guó家jiā不bù许xǔ而ér辞cí之zhī,臣chén愚yú以yǐ为wéi汉hàn与yǔ匈xiōng奴nú从cóng此cǐ隙xì矣yǐ。匈xiōng奴nú本běn五wǔ帝dì所suǒ不bù能néng臣chén,三sān王wáng所suǒ不bù能néng制zhì,其qí不bù可kě使shǐ隙xì明míng甚shèn。臣chén不bù敢gǎn远yuǎn称chēng,请qǐng引yǐn秦qín以yǐ来lái明míng之zhī:以yǐ秦qín始shǐ皇huáng之zhī强qiáng,蒙mēng恬tián之zhī威wēi,然rán不bù敢gǎn窥kuī西xī河hé,乃nǎi筑zhù长cháng城chéng以yǐ界jiè之zhī。会huì汉hàn初chū兴xīng,以yǐ高gāo祖zǔ之zhī威wēi灵líng,三sān十shí万wàn众zhòng困kùn于yú平píng城chéng,时shí奇qí谲jué之zhī士shì、石shí画huà之zhī臣chén甚shèn众zhòng,卒zú其qí所suǒ以yǐ脱tuō者zhě,世shì莫mò得dé而ér言yán也yě。又yòu高gāo皇huáng后hòu时shí,匈xiōng奴nú悖bèi慢màn,大dà臣chén权quán书shū遗yí之zhī,然rán后hòu得dé解jiě。及jí孝xiào文wén时shí,匈xiōng奴nú侵qīn暴bào北běi边biān,候hòu骑qí至zhì雍yōng甘gān泉quán,京jīng师shī大dà骇hài,发fā三sān将jiāng军jūn屯tún细xì柳、棘jí门mén、霸bà上shàng以yǐ备bèi之zhī,数shù月yuè乃nǎi罢bà。孝xiào武wǔ即jí位wèi,设shè马mǎ邑yì之zhī权quán,欲yù诱yòu匈xiōng奴nú,徒tú费fèi财cái劳láo师shī,一yī虏lǔ不bù可kě得dé见jiàn,况kuàng单dān于yú之zhī面miàn乎hū!其qí后hòu深shēn惟wéi社shè稷jì之zhī计jì,规guī恢huī万wàn载zǎi之zhī策cè,乃nǎi大dà兴xīng师shī数shù十shí万wàn,使shǐ卫wèi青qīng、霍huò去qù病bìng操cāo兵bīng,前qián后hòu十shí馀yú年nián,于yú是shì浮fú西xī河hé,绝jué大dà幕mù,破pò寘zhì颜yán,袭xí王wáng庭tíng,穷qióng极jí其qí地dì,追zhuī奔bēn逐zhú北běi,封fēng狼láng居jū胥xū山shān,禅chán于yú姑gū衍yǎn,以yǐ临lín翰hàn海hǎi,虏lǔ名míng王wáng、贵guì人rén以yǐ百bǎi数shù。自zì是shì之zhī后hòu,匈xiōng奴nú震zhèn怖bù,益yì求和hé亲qīn,然rán而ér未wèi肯kěn称chēng臣chén也yě。且qiě夫fū前qián世shì岂qǐ乐lè倾qīng无wú量liáng之zhī费fèi,役yì无wú罪zuì之zhī人rén,快kuài心xīn狼láng望wàng之zhī北běi哉zāi?以yǐ为wéi不bù壹yī劳láo者zhě不bù久佚yì,不bù暂zàn费fèi者zhě不bù永yǒng宁níng,是shì以yǐ忍rěn百bǎi万wàn之zhī师shī以yǐ摧cuī饿è虎hǔ之zhī喙huì,运yùn府fǔ库kù之zhī财cái填tián卢lú山shān之zhī壑hè而ér不bù悔huǐ也yě。至zhì本běn始shǐ之zhī初chū,匈xiōng奴nú有yǒu桀jié心xīn,欲yù掠乌wū孙sūn,侵qīn公gōng主zhǔ,乃nǎi发fā五wǔ将jiāng之zhī师shī十shí五wǔ万wàn骑qí以yǐ击jī之zhī,时shí鲜xiān有yǒu所suǒ获huò,徒tú奋fèn扬yáng威wēi武wǔ,明míng汉hàn兵bīng若ruò雷léi风fēng耳ěr!虽suī空kōng行háng空kōng反fǎn,尚shàng诛zhū两liǎng将jiāng军jūn,故gù北běi狄dí不bù服fú,中zhōng国guó未wèi得dé高gāo枕zhěn安ān寝qǐn也yě。逮dài至zhì元yuán康kāng、神shén爵jué之zhī间jiān,大dà化huà神shén明míng,鸿hóng恩ēn溥pǔ洽qià,而ér匈xiōng奴nú内nèi乱luàn,五wǔ单dān于yú争zhēng立lì,日rì逐zhú、呼hū韩hán邪xié携xié国guó归guī死sǐ,扶fú伏fú称chēng臣chén,然rán尚shàng羁jī縻mí之zhī,计jì不bù颛zhuān制zhì。自zì此cǐ之zhī后hòu,欲yù朝zhāo者zhě不bù距jù,不bù欲yù者zhě不bù强qiáng。何hé者zhě?外wài国guó天tiān性xìng忿fèn鸷zhì,形xíng容róng魁kuí健jiàn,负fù力lì怙hù气qì,难nán化huà以yǐ善shàn,易yì肄yì以yǐ恶è,其qí强qiáng难nán诎qū,其qí和hé难nán得dé。故gù未wèi服fú之zhī时shí,劳láo师shī远yuǎn攻gōng,倾qīng国guó殚dān货huò,伏fú尸shī流血xiě,破pò坚jiān拔bá敌dí,如rú彼bǐ之zhī难nán也yě;既jì服fú之zhī后hòu,慰wèi荐jiàn抚fǔ循xún,交jiāo接jiē赂lù遗yí,威wēi仪yí俯fǔ仰yǎng,如rú此cǐ之zhī备bèi也yě。往wǎng时shí尝cháng屠tú大dà宛wǎn之zhī城chéng,蹈dǎo乌wū桓huán之zhī垒lěi,探tàn姑gū缯zēng之zhī壁bì,藉jiè荡dàng姐jiě之zhī场cháng,艾ài朝zhāo鲜xiān之zhī旃zhān,拔bá两liǎng越yuè之zhī旗qí,近jìn不bù过guò旬xún月yuè之zhī役yì,远yuǎn不bù离lí二èr时shí之zhī劳láo,固gù已yǐ犁lí其qí庭tíng,扫sǎo其qí闾,郡jùn县xiàn而ér置zhì之zhī,云yún彻chè席xí卷juàn,后hòu无wú馀yú灾zāi。唯wéi北běi狄dí为wéi不bù然rán,真zhēn中zhōng国guó之zhī坚jiān敌dí也yě,三sān垂chuí比bǐ之zhī县xiàn矣yǐ;前qián世shì重zhòng之zhī兹zī甚shèn,未wèi易yì可kě轻qīng也yě。

“今jīn单dān于yú归guī义yì,怀huái款kuǎn诚chéng之zhī心xīn,欲yù离lí其qí庭tíng,陈chén见jiàn于yú前qián,此cǐ乃nǎi上shàng世shì之zhī遗yí策cè,神shén灵líng之zhī所suǒ想xiǎng望wàng,国guó家jiā虽suī费fèi,不bù得dé已yǐ者zhě也yě。奈nài何hé距jù以yǐ来lái厌yàn之zhī辞cí,疏shū以yǐ无wú日rì之zhī期qī,消xiāo往wǎng昔xī之zhī恩ēn,开kāi将jiāng来lái之zhī隙xì?夫fū疑yí而ér隙xì之zhī,使shǐ有yǒu恨hèn心xīn,负fù前qián言yán,缘yuán往wǎng辞cí,归guī怨yuàn于yú汉hàn,因yīn以yǐ自zì绝jué,终zhōng无wú北běi面miàn之zhī心xīn,威wēi之zhī不bù可kě,谕yù之zhī不bù能néng,焉yān得dé不bù为wéi大dà忧yōu乎hū!夫fū明míng者zhě视shì于yú无wú形xíng,聪cōng者zhě听tīng于yú无wú声shēng,诚chéng先xiān于yú未wèi然rán,即jí兵bīng革gé不bù用yòng而ér忧yōu患huàn不bù生shēng。不bù然rán,壹yī有yǒu隙xì之zhī后hòu,虽suī智zhì者zhě劳láo心xīn于yú内nèi,辩biàn者zhě毂gǔ击jī于yú外wài,犹yóu不bù若ruò未wèi然rán之zhī时shí也yě。且qiě往wǎng者zhě图tú西xī域yù,制zhì车chē师shī,置zhì城chéng郭guō都dū护hù三sān十shí六liù国guó,费fèi岁suì以yǐ大dà万wàn计jì者zhě,岂qǐ为wéi康kāng居jū、乌wū孙sūn能néng逾yú白bái龙lóng堆duī而ér寇kòu西xī边biān哉zāi?乃nǎi以yǐ制zhì匈xiōng奴nú也yě。夫fū百bǎi年nián劳láo之zhī,一yī日rì失shī之zhī,费fèi十shí而ér爱ài一yī,臣chén窃qiè为wéi国guó不bù安ān也yě。唯wéi陛bì下xià少shǎo留意yì于yú未wèi乱luàn、未wèi战zhàn,以yǐ遏è边biān萌méng之zhī祸huò!”

书shū奏zòu,天tiān子zǐ寤wù焉yān,召zhào还huán匈xiōng奴nú使shǐ者zhě,更gēng报bào单dān于yú书shū而ér许xǔ之zhī。赐cì雄xióng帛bó五wǔ十shí匹pǐ,黄huáng金jīn十shí斤jīn。单dān于yú未wèi发fā,会huì病bìng,复fù遣qiǎn使shǐ愿yuàn朝zhāo明míng年nián;上shàng许xǔ之zhī。

董dǒng贤xián贵guì幸xìng日rì盛shèng,丁dīng、傅fù害hài其qí宠chǒng,孔kǒng乡xiāng侯hóu晏yàn与yǔ息xī夫fū躬gōng谋móu欲yù求居jū位wèi辅fǔ政zhèng。会huì单dān于yú以yǐ病bìng未wèi朝zhāo,躬gōng因yīn是shì而ér上shàng奏zòu,以yǐ为wéi:“单dān于yú当dāng以yǐ十shí一yī月yuè入rù塞sāi,后hòu以yǐ病bìng为wéi解jiě,疑yí有yǒu他tā变biàn。乌wū孙sūn两liǎng昆kūn弥mí弱ruò,卑bēi爰yuán疐zhì强qiáng盛shèng,东dōng结jié单dān于yú,遣qiǎn子zǐ往wǎng侍shì,恐kǒng其qí合hé势shì以yǐ并bìng乌wū孙sūn;乌wū孙sūn并bìng,则zé匈xiōng奴nú盛shèng而ér西xī域yù危wēi矣yǐ。可kě令líng降jiàng胡hú诈zhà为wéi卑bēi爰yuán疐zhì使shǐ者zhě来lái上shàng书shū,欲yù因yīn天tiān子zǐ威wēi告gào单dān于yú归guī臣chén侍shì子zǐ,因yīn下xià其qí章zhāng,令líng匈xiōng奴nú客kè闻wén焉yān;则zé是shì所suǒ谓wèi‘上shàng兵bīng伐fá谋móu,其qí次cì伐fá交jiāo’者zhě也yě。”书shū奏zòu,上shàng引yǐn见jiàn躬gōng,召zhào公gōng卿qīng、将jiāng军jūn大dà议yì。左zuǒ将jiāng军jūn公gōng孙sūn禄lù以yǐ为wéi:“中zhōng国guó常cháng以yǐ威wēi信xìn怀huái伏fú夷yí狄dí,躬gōng欲yù逆nì诈zhà,进jìn不bù信xìn之zhī谋móu,不bù可kě许xǔ。且qiě匈xiōng奴nú赖lài先xiān帝dì之zhī德dé,保bǎo塞sāi称chēng蕃fán。今jīn单dān于yú以yǐ疾jí病bìng不bù任rèn奉fèng朝zhāo贺hè,遣qiǎn使shǐ自zì陈chén,不bù失shī臣chén子zǐ之zhī礼lǐ。臣chén禄lù自zì保bǎo没méi身shēn不bù见jiàn匈xiōng奴nú为wéi边biān竟jìng忧yōu也yě!”躬gōng掎jǐ禄lù曰yuē:“臣chén为wéi国guó家jiā计jì,冀jì先xiān谋móu将jiāng然rán,豫yù图tú未wèi形xíng,为wéi万wàn世shì虑lǜ。而ér禄lù欲yù以yǐ其qí犬quǎn马mǎ齿chǐ保bǎo目mù所suǒ见jiàn。臣chén与yǔ禄lù异yì议yì,未wèi可kě同tóng日rì语yǔ也yě!”上shàng曰yuē:“善shàn!”乃nǎi罢bà群qún臣chén,独dú与yǔ躬gōng议yì。躬gōng因yīn建jiàn言yán:“灾zāi异yì屡见jiàn,恐kǒng必bì有yǒu非fēi常cháng之zhī变biàn,可kě遣qiǎn大dà将jiāng军jūn行háng边biān兵bīng,敕chì武wǔ备bèi,斩zhǎn一yī郡jùn守shǒu以yǐ立lì威wēi,震zhèn四sì夷yí,因yīn以yǐ厌yàn应yīng变biàn异yì。”上shàng然rán之zhī,以yǐ问wèn丞chéng相xiāng嘉jiā,对duì曰yuē:“臣chén闻wén动dòng民mín以yǐ行háng不bù以yǐ言yán,应yīng天tiān以yǐ实shí不bù以yǐ文wén。下xià民mín微wēi细xì,犹yóu不bù可kě诈zhà,况kuàng于yú上shàng天tiān神shén明míng而ér可kě欺qī哉zāi!天tiān之zhī见jiàn异yì,所suǒ以yǐ敕chì戒jiè人rén君jūn,欲yù令líng觉jué悟wù反fǎn正zhèng,推tuī诚chéng行háng善shàn,民mín心xīn说shuō而ér天tiān意yì得dé矣yǐ!辩biàn士shì见jiàn一yī端duān,或huò妄wàng以yǐ意yì傅fù著zhù星xīng历lì,虚xū造zào匈xiōng奴nú、乌wū孙sūn、西xī羌qiāng之zhī难nán,谋móu动dòng干gān戈gē,设shè为wéi权quán变biàn,非fēi应yīng天tiān之zhī道dào也yě。守shǒu相xiāng有yǒu罪zuì,车chē驰chí诣yì阙quē,交jiāo臂bì就jiù死sǐ,恐kǒng惧jù如rú此cǐ,而ér谈tán说shuō者zhě欲yù动dòng安ān之zhī危wēi,辩biàn口kǒu快kuài耳ěr,其qí实shí未wèi可kě从cóng。夫fū议yì政zhèng者zhě,苦kǔ其qí谄chǎn谀yú、倾qīng险xiǎn、辩biàn惠huì、深shēn刻kè也yě。昔xī秦qín缪móu公gōng不bù从cóng百bǎi里lǐ奚xī、蹇jiǎn叔shū之zhī言yán,以yǐ败bài其qí师shī,其qí悔huǐ过guò自zì责zé,疾jí诖guà误wù之zhī臣chén,思sī黄huáng发fā之zhī言yán,名míng垂chuí于yú后hòu世shì。唯wéi陛bì下xià观guān览lǎn古gǔ戒jiè,反fǎn覆fù参cān考kǎo,无wú以yǐ先xiān入rù之zhī语yǔ为wéi主zhǔ!”上shàng不bù听tīng。