逸周书·谥法解第五十四

谥shì，据jù生shēng前qián行háng事shì评píng定dìng褒bāo贬biǎn，给gěi一yī称chēng号hào。此cǐ篇piān言yán给gěi谥shì的dí法fǎ则zé。

维wéi周zhōu公gōng旦dàn、太tài公gōng望wàng，开kāi嗣sì王wáng业yè，建jiàn功gōng于yú牧mù之zhī野yě，终zhōng将jiāng葬zàng，乃nǎi制zhì谥shì。遂suì叙xù谥shì法fǎ。谥shì者zhě，行háng之zhī迹jì也yě。号hào者zhě，功gōng之zhī表biǎo也yě。车chē服fú者zhě，位wèi之zhī章zhāng也yě。是shì以yǐ大dà行háng受shòu大dà名míng，细xì行háng受shòu细xì名míng，行háng出chū于yú己jǐ，名míng生shēng于yú人rén。

民mín无wú能néng名míng曰yuē神shén。称chēng善shàn赋fù简jiǎn曰yuē圣shèng，敬jìng宾bīn厚hòu礼lǐ曰yuē圣shèng。德dé象xiàng天tiān地dì曰yuē帝dì。静jìng民mín则zé法fǎ曰yuē皇huáng。仁rén义yì所suǒ在zài曰yuē王wáng。赏shǎng庆qìng刑xíng威wēi曰yuē君jūn，从cóng之zhī成chéng群qún曰yuē君jūn。立lì制zhì及jí众zhòng曰yuē公gōng。执zhí应yīng八bā方fāng曰yuē侯hóu。壹yī德dé不bù解jiě曰yuē简jiǎn。平píng易yì不bù疵cī曰yuē简jiǎn。

经jīng纬wěi天tiān地dì曰yuē文wén，道dào德dé博bó闻wén曰yuē文wén，学xué勤qín好hǎo问wèn曰yuē文wén，慈cí惠huì爱ài民mín曰yuē文wén，愍mǐn民mín惠huì礼lǐ曰yuē文wén。锡xī民mín爵jué位wèi曰yuē文wén。刚gāng强qiáng理lǐ直zhí曰yuē武wǔ，威wēi强qiáng澼pì德dé曰yuē武wǔ，克kè定dìng祸huò乱luàn曰yuē武wǔ，刑xíng民mín克kè服fú曰yuē武wǔ，夸kuā志zhì多duō穷qióng曰yuē武wǔ。敬jìng事shì供gōng上shàng曰yuē恭gōng，尊zūn贤xián贵guì义yì曰yuē恭gōng，尊zūn贤xián敬jìng让ràng曰yuē恭gōng，既jì过guò能néng改gǎi曰yuē恭gōng，执zhí事shì坚jiān固gù曰yuē恭gōng，爱ài民mín长cháng弟dì曰yuē恭gōng，执zhí礼lǐ御yù宾bīn曰yuē恭gōng，芘bì亲qīn之zhī阙quē曰yuē恭gōng，尊zūn贤xián让ràng善shàn曰yuē恭gōng，渊yuān源yuán流通tōng曰yuē恭gōng。照zhào临lín四sì方fāng曰yuē明míng，谮zèn诉sù不bù行háng曰yuē明míng。

威wēi仪yí悉xī备bèi曰yuē钦qīn。大dà虑lǜ静jìng民mín曰yuē定dìng，安ān民mín大dà虑lǜ曰yuē定dìng，安ān民mín法fǎ古gǔ曰yuē定dìng，纯chún行háng不bù二èr曰yuē定dìng。谏jiàn争zhēng不bù威wēi曰yuē德dé。辟bì地dì有yǒu德dé曰yuē襄xiāng，甲jiǎ胄zhòu有yǒu劳láo曰yuē襄xiāng。有yǒu伐fá而ér还huán曰yuē厘lí，质zhì渊yuān受shòu谏jiàn曰yuē厘lí。博bó闻wén多duō能néng曰yuē宪xiàn。聪cōng明míng澼pì哲zhé曰yuē献xiàn。温wēn柔róu圣shèng善shàn曰yuē懿yì。五wǔ宗zōng安ān之zhī曰yuē孝xiào，慈cí惠huì爱ài亲qīn曰yuē孝xiào，协xié时shí肇zhào享xiǎng曰yuē孝xiào，秉bǐng德dé不bù回huí曰yuē孝xiào。大dà虑lǜ行háng节jié曰yuē考kǎo。执zhí心xīn克kè庄zhuāng曰yuē齐qí，资zī辅fǔ供gōng就jiù曰yuē齐qí。丰fēng年nián好hǎo乐lè曰yuē康kāng，安ān乐lè抚fǔ民mín曰yuē康kāng，令líng民mín安ān乐lè曰yuē康kāng。安ān民mín立lì政zhèng曰yuē成chéng。布bù德dé执zhí以yǐ曰yuē穆mù，中zhōng情qíng见jiàn貌mào曰yuē穆mù。敏mǐn以yǐ敬jìng顺shùn曰yuē顷qǐng。

昭zhāo德dé有yǒu劳láo曰yuē昭zhāo，容róng仪yí恭gōng美měi听tīng昭zhāo，圣shèng闻wén周zhōu达dá曰yuē昭zhāo。保bǎo民mín耆qí艾ài曰yuē胡hú，弥mí年nián寿shòu考kǎo曰yuē胡hú。强qiáng毅yì果guǒ敢gǎn曰yuē刚gāng，追zhuī补bǔ前qián过guò曰yuē刚gāng。柔róu德dé考kǎo众zhòng曰yuē静jìng，恭gōng己jǐ鲜xiān言yán曰yuē静jìng，宽kuān乐lè令líng终zhōng曰yuē静jìng。治zhì而ér无wú眚shěng曰yuē平píng，执zhí事shì有yǒu制zhì曰yuē平píng，布bù纲gāng治zhì纪jì曰yuē平píng。由yóu义yì而ér济jì曰yuē景jǐng，布bù义yì行háng刚gāng曰yuē景jǐng，耆qí意yì大dà虑lǜ曰yuē景jǐng。清qīng白bái守shǒu节jié曰yuē贞zhēn，大dà虑lǜ克kè就jiù曰yuē贞zhēn，不bù隐yǐn无wú屈qū曰yuē贞zhēn。猛měng以yǐ刚gāng果guǒ曰yuē威wēi，猛měng以yǐ强qiáng果guǒ曰yuē威wēi，强qiáng毅yì信xìn正zhèng曰yuē威wēi。辟bì屠tú服fú远yuǎn曰yuē桓huán，克kè敬jìng勤qín民mín曰yuē桓huán，辟bì土tǔ兼jiān国guó曰yuē桓huán。道dào德dé纯chún一yī曰yuē思sī，大dà省shěng兆zhào民mín曰yuē思sī，外wài内nèi思sī索suǒ曰yuē思sī。追zhuī悔huǐ前qián过guò曰yuē思sī。柔róu质zhì慈cí民mín曰yuē惠huì，爱ài民mín好hǎo与yǔ曰yuē惠huì。柔róu质zhì受shòu谏jiàn曰yuē慧huì。能néng思sī辩biàn众zhòng曰yuē元yuán，行háng义yì说shuō民mín曰yuē元yuán，始shǐ建jiàn国guó都dū曰yuē元yuán，主zhǔ义yì行háng德dé曰yuē元yuán。

兵bīng甲jiǎ亟jí作zuò曰yuē庄zhuāng，澼pì圉yǔ克kè服fú曰yuē庄zhuāng，胜shèng敌dí志zhì强qiáng曰yuē庄zhuāng，死sǐ于yú原yuán野yě曰yuē庄zhuāng，屡征zhēng杀shā伐fá曰yuē庄zhuāng，武wǔ而ér不bù遂suì曰yuē庄zhuāng。克kè杀shā秉bǐng政zhèng曰yuē夷yí，安ān心xīn好hǎo静jìng曰yuē夷yí。执zhí义yì扬yáng善shàn曰yuē怀huái，慈cí仁rén短duǎn折zhē曰yuē怀huái。夙sù夜yè警jǐng戒jiè曰yuē敬jìng，夙sù夜yè恭gōng事shì曰yuē敬jìng，象xiàng方fāng益yì平píng曰yuē敬jìng，善shàn合hé法fǎ典diǎn曰yuē敬jìng。述shù义yì不bù克kè曰yuē丁dīng，迷mí而ér不bù悌tì曰yuē丁dīng。有yǒu功gōng安ān民mín曰yuē烈liè，秉bǐng德dé遵zūn业yè曰yuē烈liè。刚gāng克kè为wéi伐fá曰yuē翼yì，思sī虑lǜ深shēn远yuǎn曰yuē翼yì。执zhí心xīn决jué断duàn曰yuē肃sù。爱ài民mín好hǎo治zhì曰yuē戴dài，典diǎn礼lǐ不bù忄xīn寒hán曰yuē戴dài。

死sǐ而ér志zhì成chéng曰yuē灵líng，乱luàn而ér不bù损sǔn曰yuē灵líng，极jí知zhī鬼guǐ神shén曰yuē灵líng，不bù勤qín成chéng名míng曰yuē灵líng，死sǐ见jiàn神shén能néng曰yuē灵líng，好hǎo祭jì鬼guǐ神shén曰yuē灵líng。短duǎn折zhē不bù成chéng曰yuē殇shāng，未wèi家jiā短duǎn折zhē曰yuē殇shāng。不bù显xiǎn尸shī国guó曰yuē隐yǐn，隐yǐn拂fú不bù成chéng曰yuē隐yǐn。年nián中zhōng早zǎo夭yāo曰yuē悼dào，肆sì行háng劳láo祀sì曰yuē悼dào，恐kǒng惧jù从cóng处chǔ曰yuē悼dào。不bù思sī忘wàng爱ài曰yuē刺cì，愎bì狠hěn遂suì过guò曰yuē刺cì。外wài内nèi从cóng乱luàn曰yuē荒huāng，好hǎo乐lè怠dài政zhèng曰yuē荒huāng。在zài国guó逢féng难nán曰yuē愍mǐn，使shǐ民mín折zhē伤shāng曰yuē愍mǐn，在zài国guó连lián忧yōu曰yuē愍mǐn，祸huò乱luàn方fāng作zuò曰yuē愍mǐn。蚤zǎo孤gū短duǎn折zhē曰yuē哀āi，恭gōng仁rén短duǎn折zhē曰yuē哀āi。蚤zǎo孤gū铺pū位wèi曰yuē幽yōu，壅yōng遏è不bù通tōng曰yuē幽yōu，动dòng祭jì乱luàn常cháng曰yuē幽yōu。克kè威wēi捷jié行háng曰yuē魏wèi，克kè威wēi惠huì礼lǐ曰yuē魏wèi。去qù礼lǐ远yuǎn众zhòng曰yuē炀yáng，好hǎo内nèi远yuǎn礼lǐ曰yuē炀yáng，好hǎo内nèi怠dài政zhèng曰yuē炀yáng。

甄zhēn心xīn动dòng惧jù曰yuē顷qǐng。威wēi德dé刚gāng武wǔ曰yuē圉yǔ。圣shèng善shàn周zhōu闻wén曰yuē宣xuān。治zhì民mín克kè尽jìn曰yuē使shǐ。行háng见jiàn中zhōng外wài曰yuē悫què。胜shèng敌dí壮zhuàng志zhì曰yuē勇yǒng。昭zhāo功gōng宁níng民mín曰yuē商shāng。状zhuàng古gǔ述shù今jīn曰yuē誉yù。心xīn能néng制zhì义yì曰yuē度dù，好hǎo和hé不bù争zhēng曰yuē安ān。外wài内nèi贞zhēn复fù曰yuē白bái。不bù生shēng其qí国guó曰yuē声shēng。杀shā戮lù无wú辜gū曰yuē厉lì。官guān人rén应yīng实shí曰yuē知zhī。凶xiōng年nián无wú谷gǔ曰yuē糠kāng。名míng实shí不bù爽shuǎng曰yuē质zhì。不bù悔huǐ前qián过guò曰yuē戾lì。温wēn良liáng好hǎo乐lè曰yuē良liáng。怙hù威wēi肆sì行háng曰yuē丑chǒu。德dé正zhèng应yīng和hé曰yuē莫mò。勤qín施shī无wú私sī曰yuē类lèi。好hǎo变biàn动dòng民mín曰yuē躁zào。慈cí和hé便biàn服fú曰yuē顺shùn。满mǎn志zhì多duō穷qióng曰yuē感gǎn。危wēi身shēn奉fèng上shàng曰yuē忠zhōng。果guǒ虑lǜ果guǒ远yuǎn曰yuē赶gǎn。息xī政zhèng外wài交jiāo曰yuē携xié。疏shū远yuǎn继jì位wèi曰yuē绍shào。彰zhāng义yì掩yǎn过guò曰yuē坚jiān。肇zhào敏mǐn行háng成chéng曰yuē直zhí。内nèi外wài宾bīn服fú曰yuē正zhèng。华huá言yán无wú实shí曰yuē夸kuā。教jiào诲huì不bù倦juàn曰yuē长cháng。爱ài民mín在zài刑xíng曰yuē克kè。逆nì天tiān虐民mín曰yuē抗kàng。好hǎo廉lián自zì克kè曰yuē节jié。择zé善shàn而ér从cóng曰yuē比bǐ。好hǎo更gēng改gǎi旧jiù曰yuē易yì。名míng与yǔ实shí爽shuǎng曰yuē缪móu。思sī厚hòu不bù爽shuǎng曰yuē愿yuàn。贞zhēn心xīn大dà度dù曰yuē匡kuāng。

隐yǐn哀āi之zhī方fāng，景jǐng武wǔ之zhī方fāng也yě，施shī为wéi文wén也yě，除chú为wéi武wǔ也yě，辟bì地dì为wéi襄xiāng，服fú远yuǎn为wéi桓huán，刚gāng克kè为wéi发fā，柔róu克kè为wéi懿yì，履正zhèng为wéi庄zhuāng，有yǒu过guò为wéi僖xī，施shī而ér不bù成chéng为wéi宣xuān，惠huì无wú内nèi德dé为wéi平píng。失shī志zhì无wú转zhuǎn，则zé以yǐ其qí明míng，余yú皆jiē象xiàng也yě。和hé，会huì也yě；勤qín，劳láo也yě。遵zūn，循xún也yě；爽shuǎng，伤shāng也yě；肇zhào，始shǐ也yě；憹náo，治zhì也yě；康kāng，安ān也yě；怙hù，恃shì也yě。享xiǎng，祀sì也yě；胡hú，大dà也yě；服fú，败bài也yě。秉bǐng，顺shùn也yě；就jiù，会huì也yě；忄xīn寒hán，过guò也yě；锡xī，与yǔ也yě；典diǎn，常cháng也yě；肆sì，放fàng也yě；穅kāng，虚xū也yě；澼pì，圣shèng也yě；惠huì，爱ài也yě；绥suí，安ān也yě；坚jiān，长cháng也yě；耆qí，强qiáng也yě；考kǎo，成chéng也yě；周zhōu，至zhì也yě；怀huái，思sī也yě；式shì，法fǎ也yě；布bù，施shī也yě；敏mǐn，疾jí也yě；捷jié，克kè也yě；载zǎi，事shì也yě；弥mí，久也yě。