三国志 · 魏书 · 任苏杜郑仓传

晋 · 陈寿

任rèn峻jùn字zì伯bó达dá,河hé南nán中zhōng牟móu人rén也yě。汉hàn末mò扰rǎo乱luàn,关guān东dōng皆jiē震zhèn。中zhōng牟móu令líng杨yáng原yuán愁chóu恐kǒng,欲yù弃qì官guān走zǒu。

峻jùn说shuō原yuán曰yuē:“董dǒng卓zhuó首shǒu乱luàn,天tiān下xià莫mò不bù侧cè目mù,然rán而ér未wèi有yǒu先xiān发fā者zhě,非fēi无wú其qí心xīn也yě,势shì未wèi敢gǎn耳ěr。明míng府fǔ若ruò能néng唱chàng之zhī,必bì有yǒu和hé者zhě。”原yuán曰yuē:“为wéi之zhī奈nài何hé?”峻jùn曰yuē:“今jīn关guān东dōng有yǒu十shí余yú县xiàn,能néng胜shèng兵bīng者zhě不bù减jiǎn万wàn人rén,若ruò权quán行háng河hé南nán尹yǐn事shì,总zǒng而ér用yòng之zhī,无wú不bù济jì矣yǐ。”原yuán从cóng其qí计jì,以yǐ峻jùn为wéi主zhǔ簿bù。峻jùn乃nǎi为wéi原yuán表biǎo行háng尹yǐn事shì,使shǐ诸zhū县xiàn坚jiān守shǒu,遂suì发fā兵bīng。会huì太tài祖zǔ起qǐ关guān东dōng,入rù中zhōng牟móu界jiè,众zhòng不bù知zhī所suǒ从cóng,峻jùn独dú与yǔ同tóng郡jùn张zhāng奋fèn议yì,举jǔ郡jùn以yǐ归guī太tài祖zǔ。峻jùn又yòu别bié收shōu宗zōng族zú及jí宾bīn客kè家jiā兵bīng数shù百bǎi人rén,愿yuàn从cóng太tài祖zǔ。太tài祖zǔ大dà悦yuè,表biǎo峻jùn为wéi骑qí都dū尉wèi,妻qī以yǐ从cóng妹mèi,甚shèn见jiàn亲qīn信xìn。太tài祖zǔ每měi征zhēng伐fá,峻jùn常cháng居jū守shǒu以yǐ给gěi军jūn。是shì时shí岁suì讥jī旱hàn,军jūn食shí不bù足zú,羽yǔ林lín监jiān颖yǐng川chuān枣zǎo祗zhī建jiàn置zhì屯tún田tián,太tài祖zǔ以yǐ峻jùn为wéi典diǎn农nóng中zhōng郎láng将jiāng,[募mù百bǎi姓xìng屯tún田tián于yú许xǔ下xià,得dé谷gǔ百bǎi万wàn斛hú,郡jùn国guó列liè置zhì田tián官guān],数shù年nián中zhōng所suǒ在zài积jī粟sù,仓cāng廪lǐn皆jiē满mǎn。官guān渡dù之zhī战zhàn,太tài祖zǔ使shǐ峻jùn典diǎn军jūn器qì粮liáng运yùn。贼zéi数shù寇kòu抄chāo绝jué粮liáng道dào,乃nǎi使shǐ千qiān乘chéng为wéi一yī部bù,十shí道dào方fāng行háng,为wéi复fù阵zhèn以yǐ营yíng卫wèi之zhī,贼zéi不bù敢gǎn近jìn。军jūn国guó之zhī饶ráo,起qǐ于yú枣zǎo祗zhī而ér成chéng于yú峻jùn。太tài祖zǔ以yǐ峻jùn功gōng高gāo,乃nǎi表biǎo封fēng为wéi都dū亭tíng侯hóu,邑yì三sān百bǎi户hù,迁qiān长cháng水shuǐ校xiào尉wèi。

峻jùn宽kuān厚hòu有yǒu度dù而ér见jiàn事shì理lǐ,每měi有yǒu所suǒ陈chén,太tài祖zǔ多duō善shàn之zhī。于yú饥jī荒huāng之zhī际jì,收shōu恤xù朋péng友yǒu孤gū遗yí,中zhōng外wài贫pín宗zōng,周zhōu急jí继jì乏fá,信xìn义yì见jiàn称chēng。建jiàn安ān九年nián薨hōng,太tài祖zǔ流涕tì者zhě久之zhī。子zǐ先xiān嗣sì。先xiān薨hōng,无wú子zǐ,国guó除chú。文wén帝dì追zhuī录lù功gōng臣chén,谥shì峻jùn曰yuē成chéng侯hóu。复fù以yǐ峻jùn中zhōng子zǐ览lǎn为wéi关guān内nèi侯hóu。

苏sū则zé字zì文wén师shī,扶fú风fēng武wǔ功gōng人rén也yě。少shǎo以yǐ学xué行háng闻wén,举jǔ孝xiào廉lián茂mào才cái,辟bì公gōng府fǔ,皆jiē不bù就jiù。起qǐ家jiā为wéi酒泉quán太tài守shǒu,转zhuǎn安ān定dìng、武wǔ都dū,所suǒ在zài有yǒu威wēi名míng。太tài祖zǔ征zhēng张zhāng鲁lǔ,过guò其qí郡jùn,见jiàn则zé悦yuè之zhī,使shǐ为wéi军jūn导dǎo。

鲁lǔ破pò,则zé绥suí定dìng下xià辩biàn诸zhū氏shì,通tōng河hé西xī道dào,徙xǐ为wéi金jīn城chéng太tài守shǒu。是shì时shí丧sāng乱luàn之zhī后hòu,吏lì民mín流散sàn饥jī穷qióng,户hù口kǒu损sǔn耗hào,则zé抚fǔ循xún之zhī甚shèn谨jǐn。外wài招zhāo怀huái羌qiāng胡hú,得dé其qí牛niú羊yáng,以yǐ养yǎng贫pín老lǎo。与yǔ民mín分fēn粮liáng而ér食shí,旬xún月yuè之zhī间jiān,流民mín皆jiē归guī,得dé数shù千qiān家jiā。乃nǎi明míng为wéi禁jīn令líng,有yǒu干gān犯fàn者zhě辄zhé戮lù,其qí从cóng教jiào者zhě必bì赏shǎng。亲qīn自zì教jiào民mín耕gēng种zhǒng,其qí岁suì大dà丰fēng收shōu,由yóu是shì归guī附fù者zhě日rì多duō。李lǐ越yuè以yǐ陇lǒng西xī反fǎn,则zé率shuài羌qiāng胡hú围wéi越yuè,越yuè即jí请qǐng服fú。太tài祖zǔ崩bēng,西xī平píng曲qū演yǎn叛pàn,称chēng护hù羌qiāng校xiào尉wèi。则zé勒lè兵bīng讨tǎo之zhī。演yǎn恐kǒng,乞qǐ降jiàng。文wén帝dì以yǐ其qí功gōng,加jiā则zé护hù羌qiāng校xiào尉wèi,赐cì爵jué关guān内nèi侯hóu。

后hòu演yǎn复fù结jié旁páng郡jùn为wéi乱luàn,张zhāng掖yè张zhāng进jìn执zhí太tài守shǒu杜dù通tōng,酒泉quán黄huáng华huá不bù受shòu太tài守shǒu辛xīn机jī,进jìn、华huá皆jiē自zì称chēng太tài守shǒu以yǐ应yīng之zhī。又yòu武wǔ威wēi三sān种zhǒng胡hú并bìng寇kòu抄chāo,道dào路lù断duàn绝jué。武wǔ威wēi太tài守shǒu毋wú丘兴xīng告gào急jí于yú则zé。时shí雍yōng、凉liáng诸zhū豪háo皆jiē驱qū略羌qiāng胡hú以yǐ从cóng进jìn等děng,郡jùn人rén咸xián以yǐ为wéi进jìn不bù可kě当dāng。又yòu将jiāng军jūn郝hǎo昭zhāo、魏wèi平píng先xiān是shì各gè屯tún守shǒu金jīn城chéng,亦yì受shòu诏zhào不bù得dé西xī度dù。则zé乃nǎi见jiàn郡jùn中zhōng大dà吏lì及jí昭zhāo等děng与yǔ羌qiāng豪háo帅shuài谋móu曰yuē:“今jīn贼zéi虽suī盛shèng,然rán皆jiē新xīn合hé,或huò有yǒu胁xié从cóng,未wèi必bì同tóng心xīn;因yīn衅xìn击jī之zhī,善shàn恶è必bì离lí,离lí而ér归guī我wǒ,我wǒ增zēng而ér彼bǐ损sǔn矣yǐ。既jì获huò益yì众zhòng之zhī实shí,且qiě有yǒu倍bèi气qì之zhī势shì,率shuài以yǐ进jìn讨tǎo,破pò之zhī必bì矣yǐ。若ruò待dài大dà军jūn,旷kuàng日rì持chí久,善shàn人rén无wú归guī,必bì合hé于yú恶è,善shàn恶è既jì合hé,势shì难nán卒zú离lí。虽suī有yǒu诏zhào命mìng,违wéi而ér合hé权quán,专zhuān之zhī可kě也yě。”于yú是shì昭zhāo等děng从cóng之zhī,乃nǎi发fā兵bīng救jiù武wǔ威wēi,降jiàng其qí三sān种zhǒng胡hú,与yǔ兴xīng击jī进jìn于yú张zhāng掖yè。演yǎn闻wén之zhī,将jiāng步bù骑qí三sān干gān迎yíng则zé,辞cí来lái助zhù军jūn,而ér实shí欲yù为wéi变biàn。则zé诱yòu与yǔ相xiāng见jiàn,因yīn斩zhǎn之zhī,出chū以yǐ徇xùn军jūn,其qí党dǎng皆jiē散sàn走zǒu。则zé遂suì与yǔ诸zhū军jūn围wéi张zhāng掖yè,破pò之zhī,斩zhǎn进jìn及jí其qí支zhī党dǎng,众zhòng皆jiē降jiàng。演yǎn军jūn败bài,华huá惧jù,出chū所suǒ执zhí乞qǐ降jiàng,河hé西xī平píng。乃nǎi还huán金jīn城chéng。进jìn封fēng都dū亭tíng侯hóu,邑yì三sān百bǎi户hù。

征zhēng拜bài侍shì中zhōng,与yǔ董dǒng昭zhāo同tóng察chá。昭zhāo尝cháng枕zhěn则zé膝xī卧wò,则zé推tuī下xià之zhī,曰yuē:“苏sū则zé之zhī膝xī,非fēi佞nìng人rén之zhī枕zhěn也yě。”初chū,则zé及jí临lín菑zī侯hóu植zhí闻wén魏wèi氏shì代dài汉hàn,皆jiē发fā服fú悲bēi哭kū,文wén帝dì闻wén植zhí如rú此cǐ,而ér不bù闻wén则zé也yě。帝dì在zài洛luò阳yáng,常cháng从cóng容róng言yán曰yuē:“吾wú应yīng天tiān而ér禅chán,而ér闻wén有yǒu哭kū者zhě,何hé也yě?”则zé谓wèi为wéi见jiàn问wèn,须xū髯rán悉xī张zhāng,欲yù正zhèng论lùn以yǐ对duì。侍shì中zhōng傅fù巽xùn掐qiā。则zé曰yuē:“不bù谓wèi卿qīng也yě。”于yú是shì乃nǎi止zhǐ。文wén帝dì问wèn则zé曰yuē:“前qián破pò酒泉quán、张zhāng掖yè,西xī域yù通tōng使shǐ,敦dūn煌huáng献xiàn径jìng寸cùn大dà珠zhū,可kě复fù求市shì益yì得dé不bù?”则zé对duì曰yuē:“若ruò陛bì下xià化huà洽qià中zhōng国guó,德dé流沙shā漠mò,即jí不bù求自zì至zhì;求而ér得dé之zhī,不bù足zú贵guì也yě。”帝dì默mò然rán。后hòu则zé从cóng行háng猎liè,槎chá桎zhì拔bá,失shī鹿lù,帝dì大dà怒nù,踞jù胡hú床chuáng拔bá刀dāo,悉xī收shōu督dū吏lì,将jiāng斩zhǎn之zhī。则zé稽jī首shǒu曰yuē:“臣chén闻wén古gǔ圣shèng王wáng不bù以yǐ禽qín兽shòu害hài人rén,今jīn陛bì下xià方fāng隆lóng唐táng尧yáo之zhī化huà,而ér以yǐ猎liè戏xì多duō杀shā群qún吏lì,愚yú臣chén以yǐ为wéi不bù可kě。敢gǎn以yǐ死sǐ请qǐng!”帝dì曰yuē:“卿qīng,直zhí臣chén也yě。”遂suì皆jiē赦shè之zhī。然rán以yǐ此cǐ见jiàn惮dàn。黄huáng初chū四sì年nián,左zuǒ迁qiān东dōng平píng相xiāng。未wèi至zhì,道dào病bìng薨hōng,谥shì曰yuē刚gāng侯hóu。

子zǐ怡yí嗣sì。怡yí薨hōng,无wú子zǐ,弟dì愉yú袭xí封fēng。愉yú,咸xián熙xī中zhōng为wéi尚shàng书shū。

杜dù畿jī字zì伯bó侯hóu,京jīng兆zhào杜dù陵líng人rén也yě。少shǎo孤gū,继jì母mǔ苦kǔ之zhī,以yǐ孝xiào闻wén。年nián二èr十shí,为wéi郡jùn功gōng曹cáo,守shǒu郑zhèng县xiàn令líng。县xiàn囚系xì数shù百bǎi人rén,畿jī亲qīn临lín狱yù,裁cái其qí轻qīng重zhòng,尽jìn决jué遣qiǎn之zhī,虽suī未wèi悉xī当dāng,郡jùn中zhōng奇qí其qí年nián少shǎo而ér有yǒu大dà意yì也yě。举jǔ孝xiào廉lián,除chú汉hàn中zhōng府fǔ丞chéng。会huì天tiān下xià乱luàn下xià,遂suì弃qì官guān客kè荆jīng州zhōu,建jiàn安ān中zhōng乃nǎi还huán。荀xún彧yù近jìn之zhī太tài祖zǔ,太tài祖zǔ以yǐ畿jī为wéi司sī空kōng司sī直zhí,迁qiān护hù羌qiāng校xiào尉wèi,使shǐ持chí节jié,领lǐng西xī平píng太tài守shǒu。

太tài祖zǔ既jì定dìng河hé北běi,而ér高gāo干gān举jǔ并bìng州zhōu反fǎn。时shí河hé东dōng太tài守shǒu王wáng邑yì被bèi征zhēng,河hé东dōng人rén卫wèi固gù、范fàn先xiān外wài以yǐ请qǐng邑yì为wéi名míng,而ér内nèi实shí与yǔ干gān通tōng谋móu。太tài祖zǔ谓wèi荀xún彧yù曰yuē:“关guān西xī诸zhū将jiāng,恃shì险xiǎn与yǔ马mǎ,征zhēng必bì为wéi乱luàn。张zhāng晟shèng寇kòu殽xiáo、渑miǎn间jiān,南nán通tōng刘表biǎo,固gù等děng因yīn之zhī,吾wú恐kǒng其qí为wéi害hài深shēn。河hé东dōng被bèi山shān带dài河hé,四sì邻lín多duō变biàn,当dāng今jīn天tiān下xià之zhī要yào地dì也yě。君jūn为wéi我wǒ举jǔ萧xiāo何hé、寇kòu恂xún以yǐ镇zhèn之zhī。”彧yù曰yuē:“杜dù畿jī其qí人rén也yě。”于yú是shì追zhuī拜bài畿jī为wéi河hé东dōng太tài守shǒu。固gù等děng使shǐ兵bīng数shù千qiān人rén绝jué陕shǎn津jīn,畿jī至zhì不bù得dé渡dù。太tài祖zǔ遣qiǎn夏xià侯hóu惇dūn讨tǎo之zhī,未wèi至zhì。或huò谓wèi畿jī曰yuē:“宜yí须xū大dà兵bīng。”畿jī曰yuē:“河hé东dōng有yǒu三sān万wàn户hù,非fēi皆jiē欲yù为wéi乱luàn也yě。今jīn兵bīng迫pò之zhī急jí,欲yù为wéi善shàn者zhě无wú主zhǔ,必bì惧jù而ér听tīng于yú固gù。固gù等děng势shì专zhuān,必bì以yǐ死sǐ战zhàn。讨tǎo之zhī不bù胜shèng,四sì邻lín应yīng之zhī,天tiān下xià之zhī变biàn未wèi息xī也yě;讨tǎo之zhī而ér胜shèng,是shì残cán一yī郡jùn之zhī民mín也yě。且qiě固gù等děng未wèi显xiǎn绝jué王wáng命mìng,外wài以yǐ请qǐng故gù君jūn为wéi名míng,必bì不bù害hài新xīn君jūn。吾wú单dān车chē直zhí往wǎng,出chū其qí不bù意yì。固gù为wéi人rén多duō计jì而ér无wú断duàn,必bì伪wěi受shòu吾wú。吾wú得dé居jū郡jùn一yī月yuè,以yǐ计jì縻mí之zhī,足zú矣yǐ。”遂suì诡guǐ道dào从cóng郖dòu津jīn度dù。范fàn先xiān欲yù杀shā畿jī以yǐ威wēi众zhòng。且qiě观guān畿jī去qù就jiù,于yú门mén下xià斩zhǎn杀shā主zhǔ簿bù已yǐ下xià三sān十shí余yú人rén,畿jī举jǔ动dòng自zì若ruò。于yú是shì,固gù曰yuē:“杀shā之zhī无wú损sǔn,徒tú有yǒu恶è名míng;且qiě制zhì之zhī在zài我wǒ。”遂suì奉fèng之zhī。畿jī谓wèi固gù、范fàn先xiān曰yuē:“卫wèi、范fàn,河hé东dōng之zhī望wàng也yě,吾wú仰yǎng成chéng而ér已yǐ。然rán群qún臣chén有yǒu定dìng义yì,成chéng败bài同tóng之zhī,大dà事shì当dāng共gòng平píng议yì。”以yǐ固gù为wéi都dū督dū,行háng丞chéng事shì,领lǐng功gōng曹cáo;将jiāng校xiào吏lì兵bīng三sān千qiān余yú人rén,皆jiē范fàn先xiān督dū之zhī。固gù等děng喜xǐ,虽suī阳yáng事shì畿jī,不bù以yǐ为wéi意yì,固gù欲yù大dà发fā兵bīng,畿jī患huàn之zhī,说shuō固gù曰yuē:“夫fū欲yù为wéi非fēi常cháng之zhī事shì,不bù可kě动dòng众zhòng心xīn。今jīn大dà发fā兵bīng,众zhòng必bì扰rǎo,不bù如rú徐xú以yǐ訾zī募mù兵bīng。”固gù以yǐ为wéi然rán,从cóng之zhī,遂suì为wéi资zī调tiáo发fā,数shù十shí日rì乃nǎi定dìng,诸zhū将jiāng贪tān多duō应yīng募mù而ér少shǎo遣qiǎn兵bīng。又yòu人rén喻yù固gù等děng曰yuē:“人rén情qíng顾gù家jiā,诸zhū将jiāng掾yuàn吏lì,可kě分fēn遣qiǎn休xiū息xī,急jí缓huǎn召zhào之zhī不bù难nán。”

固gù等děng恶è逆nì众zhòng心xīn,又yòu从cóng之zhī。于yú是shì善shàn人rén在zài外wài,阴yīn为wéi己jǐ援yuán;恶è人rén分fēn散sàn,各gè还huán其qí家jiā,则zé从cóng离lí矣yǐ。

会huì白bái骑qí攻gōng东dōng垣yuán,高gāo干gān入rù濩huò泽zé,上shàng党dǎng诸zhū县xiàn杀shā长cháng吏lì,弘hóng农nóng执zhí郡jùn守shǒu,固gù等děng密mì调tiáo兵bīng未wèi至zhì。畿jī知zhī诸zhū县xiàn附fù己jǐ,因yīn出chū,单dān将jiāng数shù十shí骑qí,赴fù张zhāng辟bì拒jù守shǒu,吏lì民mín多duō举jǔ城chéng助zhù畿jī者zhě,比bǐ数shù十shí日rì,得dé四sì千qiān余yú人rén,固gù等děng与yǔ干gān、晟shèng共gòng攻gōng畿jī,不bù下xià,略诸zhū县xiàn,无wú所suǒ得dé。会huì大dà兵bīng至zhì,干gān、晟shèng败bài,固gù等děng伏fú诛zhū,其qí余yú党dǎng与yǔ皆jiē赦shè之zhī,使shǐ复fù其qí居jū业yè。

是shì时shí天tiān下xià郡jùn县xiàn皆jiē残cán破pò,河hé东dōng最zuì先xiān定dìng,少shǎo耗hào减jiǎn。畿jī治zhì之zhī,崇chóng宽kuān惠huì,与yǔ民mín无wú为wéi。民mín尝cháng辞cí讼sòng,有yǒu相xiāng告gào者zhě,畿jī亲qīn见jiàn为wéi陈chén大dà义yì,遣qiǎn令líng归guī缔dì思sī之zhī,若ruò意yì有yǒu所suǒ不bù尽jìn,更gēng来lái诣yì府fǔ。乡xiāng邑yì父fù老lǎo自zì相xiāng责zé怒nù曰yuē:“有yǒu君jūn如rú此cǐ,奈nài何hé不bù从cóng其qí教jiào?”自zì是shì少shǎo有yǒu辞cí讼sòng。班bān下xià属shǔ县xiàn,举jǔ孝xiào子zǐ、贞zhēn妇fù、顺shùn孙sūn,复fù其qí徭yáo役yì,随suí时shí慰wèi免miǎn之zhī。渐jiàn课kè民mín畜xù牸zì牛niú、草cǎo马mǎ,下xià逮dài鸡jī肠cháng犬quǎn豕shǐ,皆jiē有yǒu章zhāng程chéng。百bǎi姓xìng勤qín农nóng,家jiā家jiā丰fēng实shí。畿jī乃nǎi曰yuē:“民mín富fù矣yǐ,不bù可kě不bù教jiào也yě。”于yú是shì冬dōng月yuè修戎róng讲jiǎng武wǔ,又yòu开kāi学xué宫gōng,亲qīn自zì执zhí经jīng教jiào授shòu,郡jùn中zhōng化huà之zhī。

韩hán遂suì、马mǎ超chāo之zhī叛pàn也yě,弘hóng农nóng、冯féng翊yì多duō举jǔ县xiàn邑yì以yǐ应yīng之zhī。河hé东dōng虽suī与yǔ贼zéi接jiē,民mín无wú异yì心xīn。太tài祖zǔ西xī征zhēng至zhì蒲pú阪bǎn,与yǔ贼zéi夹jiā渭wèi为wéi军jūn,军jūn食shí一yī仰yǎng河hé东dōng。及jí贼zéi破pò,余yú畜xù二èr十shí余yú万wàn斛hú。太tài祖zǔ下xià令líng曰yuē:“河hé东dōng太tài守shǒu杜dù畿jī,孔kǒng子zǐ所suǒ谓wèi‘禹yǔ,吾wú无wú间jiān然rán矣yǐ’。增zēng秩zhì中zhōng二èr千qiān石shí”。太tài祖zǔ征zhēng汉hàn中zhōng,遣qiǎn五wǔ千qiān人rén运yùn,运yùn者zhě自zì率shuài勉miǎn曰yuē:“人rén生shēng有yǒu一yī死sǐ,不bù可kě负fù我wǒ府fǔ君jūn。”终zhōng无wú一yī人rén逃táo亡wáng,其qí得dé人rén心xīn如rú此cǐ。魏wèi国guó既jì建jiàn,以yǐ畿jī为wéi尚shàng书shū。事shì平píng,更gēng有yǒu令líng曰yuē:“昔xī肃sù何hé定dìng关guān中zhōng,寇kòu恂xún平píng河hé内nèi,卿qīng有yǒu其qí功gōng,间jiān将jiāng授shòu卿qīng以yǐ纳nà言yán之zhī职zhí;顾gù念niàn河hé东dōng吾wú股gǔ肱gōng郡jùn,充chōng实shí之zhī所suǒ,足zú以yǐ制zhì天tiān下xià,故gù旦dàn烦fán卿qīng卧wò镇zhèn之zhī。”畿jī在zài河hé东dōng十shí六liù年nián,常cháng为wéi天tiān下xià最zuì。

文wén帝dì即jí王wáng位wèi,赐cì爵jué关guān内nèi侯hóu,征zhēng为wéi尚shàng书shū。及jí践jiàn阼zuò,进jìn封fēng丰fēng乐lè亭tíng侯hóu,邑yì百bǎi户hù,守shǒu司sī隶lì校xiào尉wèi。帝dì征zhēng吴wú,以yǐ畿jī为wéi尚shàng书shū仆pū射shè,统tǒng留事shì。其qí后hòu帝dì幸xìng许xǔ昌chāng,畿jī复fù居jū守shǒu。受shòu诏zhào作zuò御yù楼lóu船chuán,于yú陶táo河hé试shì船chuán,遇yù风fēng没méi。帝dì为wéi之zhī流涕tì,诏zhào曰yuē:“昔xī冥míng勤qín其qí官guān而ér水shuǐ死sǐ,稷jì勤qín百bǎi谷gǔ而ér山shān死sǐ。故gù尚shàng书shū仆pū射shè杜dù畿jī,于yú孟mèng津jīn试shì船chuán,遂suì至zhì覆fù没méi,忠zhōng之zhī至zhì也yě。朕zhèn甚shèn愍mǐn焉yān。”追zhuī赠zèng太tài仆pū,谥shì曰yuē戴dài侯hóu。

子zǐ恕shù嗣sì。恕shù字zì务wù伯bó,太tài和hé中zhōng为wéi散sàn骑qí黄huáng门mén侍shì郎láng。怨yuàn推tuī诚chéng以yǐ质zhì,不bù治zhì饰shì,少shǎo无wú名míng誉yù。及jí在zài朝zhāo,不bù结jié交jiāo援yuán,专zhuān心xīn向xiàng公gōng。每měi政zhèng有yǒu得dé失shī,常cháng引yǐn纲gāng维wéi以yǐ正zhèng言yán,于yú是shì恃shì中zhōng辛xīn毗pí等děng器qì重zhòng之zhī。

时shí公gōng卿qīng以yǐ下xià大dà议yì损sǔn益yì,怨yuàn以yǐ为wéi“古gǔ之zhī刺cì史shǐ,奉fèng宣xuān六liù条tiáo,以yǐ清qīng静jìng为wéi名míng,威wēi风fēng着zhuó称chēng,今jīn可kě勿wù令líng领lǐng兵bīng,以yǐ专zhuān民mín事shì。”俄é而ér镇zhèn北běi将jiāng军jūn吕昭zhāo又yòu领lǐng冀jì州zhōu,乃nǎi上shàng疏shū曰yuē:“帝dì王wáng之zhī道dào,莫mò尚shàng乎hū安ān民mín;安ān民mín之zhī术shù,在zài于yú丰fēng财cái。丰fēng财cái者zhě,务wù本běn而ér节jié用yòng也yě。方fāng今jīn二èr贼zéi未wèi灭miè,戎róng车chē亟jí驾jià,此cǐ自zì熊xióng虎hǔ之zhī士shì展zhǎn力lì之zhī秋qiū也yě。然rán搢jìn绅shēn之zhī儒rú,横héng加jiā荣róng慕mù,扼è腕wàn抗kàng论lùn,以yǐ孙sūn、吴wú为wéi首shǒu,州zhōu郡jùn牧mù守shǒu,咸xián共gòng忽hū恤xù民mín之zhī术shù,修将jiāng率shuài之zhī事shì。农nóng桑sāng之zhī民mín。竞jìng干gān戈gē之zhī业yè,不bù可kě谓wèi务wù本běn。帮bāng藏cáng岁suì虚xū而ér制zhì度dù岁suì广guǎng,民mín力lì岁suì衰shuāi而ér赋fù役yì岁suì兴xīng,不bù可kě谓wèi节jié用yòng。今jīn大dà魏wèi奄yǎn有yǒu十shí州zhōu之zhī地dì,而ér承chéng丧sāng乱luàn之zhī弊bì,计jì其qí户hù口kǒu不bù如rú往wǎng昔xī一yī州zhōu之zhī民mín,然rán而ér二èr方fāng僭jiàn逆nì,北běi虏lǔ未wèi宾bīn,三sān边biān遭zāo难nán,绕rào天tiān略币bì;所suǒ以yǐ统tǒng一yī州zhōu之zhī民mín,经jīng营yíng九州zhōu之zhī地dì,其qí为wéi艰jiān难nán,譬pì策cè羸léi马mǎ以yǐ取qǔ道dào里lǐ,岂qǐ可kě不bù加jiā意yì爱ài惜xī其qí力lì哉zāi?以yǐ武wǔ皇huáng帝dì之zhī节jié俭jiǎn,府fǔ藏cáng充chōng实shí,犹yóu不bù能néng十shí州zhōu拥yōng兵bīng;郡jùn且qiě二èr十shí也yě。今jīn荆jīng、扬yáng、青qīng、徐xú、幽yōu、并bìng、雍yōng、凉liáng缘yuán边biān诸zhū州zhōu皆jiē有yǒu兵bīng矣yǐ,其qí所suǒ恃shì内nèi充chōng府fǔ库kù外wài制zhì四sì夷yí者zhě,惟wéi兖yǎn、豫yù、司sī、冀jì而ér已yǐ。臣chén前qián以yǐ州zhōu郡jùn典diǎn兵bīng,则zé专zhuān心xīn军jūn功gōng,不bù勤qín民mín事shì,宜yí别bié置zhì将jiāng守shǒu,以yǐ尽jìn治zhì理lǐ之zhī务wù;而ér陛bì下xià复fù以yǐ冀jì州zhōu宠chǒng秩zhì吕昭zhāo。冀jì州zhōu户hù口kǒu最zuì多duō,田tián多duō垦kěn辟bì,又yòu有yǒu桑sāng枣zǎo之zhī饶ráo,国guó家jiā征zhēng求之zhī府fǔ,诚chéng不bù当dāng复fù任rèn以yǐ兵bīng事shì也yě。

若ruò以yǐ北běi方fāng当dāng须xū镇zhèn守shǒu,自zì可kě专zhuān置zhì大dà将jiāng以yǐ镇zhèn安ān之zhī。计jì所suǒ置zhì吏lì士shì之zhī费fèi,与yǔ兼jiān官guān无wú异yì。然rán昭zhāo于yú人rén才cái尚shàng复fù易yì;中zhōng朝zhāo苟gǒu乏fá人rén,兼jiān才cái者zhě势shì不bù独dú多duō。以yǐ此cǐ推tuī之zhī,知zhī国guó家jiā以yǐ人rén择zé官guān,不bù为wéi官guān择zé人rén也yě。

官guān得dé其qí人rén,则zé政zhèng平píng讼sòng理lǐ;政zhèng平píng故gù民mín富fù实shí,讼sòng理lǐ故gù囹líng圄yǔ空kōng虚xū。陛bì下xià践jiàn阼zuò,天tiān下xià断duàn狱yù百bǎi数shù十shí人rén,岁suì岁suì增zēng多duō,至zhì五wǔ百bǎi余yú人rén矣yǐ。民mín不bù益yì多duō,法fǎ不bù益yì峻jùn。以yǐ此cǐ推tuī之zhī,非fēi政zhèng教jiào陵líng迟chí,牧mù守shǒu不bù称chēng之zhī明míng效xiào欤yú?往wǎng年nián牛niú死sǐ,通tōng率shuài天tiān下xià十shí能néng损sǔn二èr;麦mài不bù半bàn收shōu,秋qiū种zhǒng未wèi下xià。若ruò二èr贼zéi游yóu魂hún于yú疆jiāng场cháng,飞fēi刍chú挽wǎn粟sù,千qiān里lǐ不bù及jí。究此cǐ之zhī术shù,岂qǐ在zài强qiáng兵bīng乎hū?武wǔ士shì劲jìn卒zú愈yù多duō,愈yù多duō愈yù病bìng耳ěr。夫fū天tiān下xià犹yóu人rén之zhī体tǐ,腹fù心xīn充chōng实shí,四sì支zhī虽suī病bìng,终zhōng无wú大dà患huàn;今jīn兖yǎn、豫yù、司sī、冀jì亦yì天tiān下xià之zhī腹fù心xīn也yě。是shì以yǐ愚yú臣chén慺lóu慺lóu,实shí愿yuàn四sì州zhōu之zhī牧mù守shǒu,独dú修务wù本běn之zhī业yè,以yǐ堪kān四sì支zhī之zhī重zhòng。然rán孤gū论lùn难nán持chí,犯fàn欲yù难nán成chéng,众zhòng怨yuàn难nán积jī,疑yí似sì难nán分fēn,故gù累léi载zǎi不bù为wéi明míng主zhǔ所suǒ察chá。凡fán言yán此cǐ者zhě,类lèi皆jiē疏shū贱jiàn;疏shū贱jiàn之zhī言yán,实shí未wèi易yì听tīng。

若ruò使shǐ善shàn策cè必bì出chū于yú亲qīn贵guì,亲qīn贵guì固gù不bù犯fàn四sì难nán以yǐ求忠zhōng爱ài,此cǐ古gǔ今jīn之zhī所suǒ常cháng患huàn也yě。

时shí又yòu大dà仪yí考kǎo课kè之zhī制zhì,以yǐ考kǎo内nèi外wài众zhòng官guān。恕shù以yǐ为wéi用yòng不bù尽jìn其qí人rén,虽suī才cái且qiě无wú益yì,所suǒ存cún非fēi所suǒ务wù,所suǒ务wù非fēi世shì要yào。上shàng疏shū曰yuē:《书shū》称chēng“明míng试shì以yǐ功gōng,三sān考kǎo黜chù陟zhì”,诚chéng帝dì王wáng之zhī盛shèng制zhì。使shǐ有yǒu能néng当dāng者zhě其qí官guān,有yǒu功gōng者zhě受shòu其qí禄lù,譬pì犹yóu乌wū获huò之zhī举jǔ千qiān钩gōu,良liáng、乐lè之zhī选xuǎn骥jì足zú也yě。虽suī历lì六liù代dài而ér考kǎo绩jì之zhī法fǎ不bù着zhuó,关guān七qī圣shèng而ér课kè试shì之zhī文wén不bù垂chuí,臣chén诚chéng以yǐ为wéi其qí法fǎ可kě粗cū依yī,其qí详xiáng难nán备bèi举jǔ故gù也yě。语yǔ曰yuē:“世shì有yǒu乱luàn人rén而ér无wú乱luàn法fǎ。”若ruò使shǐ法fǎ可kě专zhuān任rèn,则zé唐táng、虞yú可kě不bù须xū稷jì、契qì之zhī佐zuǒ,殷yīn、周zhōu无wú贵guì伊yī、吕之zhī辅fǔ矣yǐ。

今jīn奏zòu考kǎo功gōng者zhě,陈chén周zhōu、汉hàn之zhī法fǎ为wéi,缀zhuì京jīng房fáng之zhī本běn旨zhǐ,可kě谓wèi明míng考kǎo课kè之zhī要yào矣yǐ。于yú以yǐ崇chóng揖yī让ràng之zhī风fēng,兴xīng济jì济jì之zhī治zhì,臣chén以yǐ为wéi未wèi尽jìn善shàn也yě。其qí欲yù使shǐ州zhōu郡jùn考kǎo士shì,必bì由yóu四sì科kē,皆jiē有yǒu事shì效xiào,然rán后hòu察chá举jǔ,试shì辟bì公gōng府fǔ,为wéi亲qīn民mín长cháng吏lì,转zhuǎn以yǐ功gōng次cì补bǔ郡jùn守shǒu者zhě,或huò就jiù增zēng秩zhì赐cì爵jué,此cǐ最zuì考kǎo课kè之zhī急jí务wù也yě。臣chén以yǐ为wéi便biàn当dāng显xiǎn其qí身shēn,用yòng其qí言yán,使shǐ具jù为wéi课kè州zhōu郡jùn之zhī法fǎ,法fǎ具jù施shī行háng,立lì必bì信xìn之zhī赏shǎng,施shī必bì行háng之zhī罚fá。至zhì于yú公gōng卿qīng及jí内nèi职zhí大dà臣chén,亦yì当dāng俱jù以yǐ其qí职zhí考kǎo课kè之zhī也yě。古gǔ之zhī三sān公gōng,坐zuò而ér论lùn道dào,内nèi职zhí大dà臣chén,纳nà言yán补bǔ阙quē,无wú善shàn不bù纪jì,无wú过guò不bù举jǔ。且qiě天tiān下xià至zhì大dà,万wàn机jī至zhì众zhòng,诚chéng非fēi一yī明míng所suǒ能néng偏piān照zhào。故gù君jūn为wéi元yuán首shǒu,臣chén作zuò股gǔ肱gōng,明míng其qí一yī体tǐ相xiāng须xū而ér成chéng也yě。是shì以yǐ古gǔ人rén称chēng廊láng庙miào之zhī材cái,非fēi一yī木mù之zhī支zhī;帝dì王wáng之zhī业yè,非fēi一yī士shì之zhī略。由yóu是shì言yán之zhī,焉yān有yǒu大dà臣chén守shǒu职zhí辨biàn课kè可kě以yǐ致zhì雍yōng熙xī者zhě哉zāi!且qiě布bù衣yī之zhī交jiāo,犹yóu有yǒu务wù言yán誓shì而ér蹈dǎo水shuǐ火huǒ,感gǎn知zhī己jǐ面miàn而ér披pī肝gān胆dǎn,彻chè声shēng名míng而ér立lì节jié义yì者zhě;况kuàng于yú束shù带dài立lì朝zhāo,致zhì位wèi卿qīng相xiāng,所suǒ务wù者zhě非fēi特tè匹pǐ夫fū之zhī信xìn,所suǒ感gǎn者zhě非fēi徒tú知zhī己jǐ之zhī惠huì,所suǒ循xún者zhě岂qǐ声shēng名míng而ér已yǐ乎hū!诸zhū蒙mēng宠chǒng禄lù受shòu重zhòng任rèn者zhě,不bù徒tú欲yù举jǔ明míng主zhǔ唐táng、虞yú之zhī上shàng而ér已yǐ;身shēn亦yì欲yù厕cè稷jì、契qì之zhī列liè。是shì以yǐ古gǔ人rén不bù患huàn于yú念niàn治zhì之zhī心xīn不bù尽jìn,患huàn于yú自zì任rèn之zhī意yì不bù足zú,此cǐ诚chéng人rén主zhǔ使shǐ然rán也yě。唐táng、虞yú之zhī君jūn,委wěi任rèn稷jì,契qì、夔kuí、龙lóng而ér责zé成chéng功gōng,及jí其qí罪zuì也yě,殛jí鲧gǔn而ér放fàng四sì凶xiōng。今jīn大dà臣chén亲qīn奉fèng明míng诏zhào,给gěi事shì目mù下xià,其qí有yǒu夙sù夜yè在zài公gōng,格gé勤qín特tè立lì,当dāng官guān不bù挠náo贵guì势shì,执zhí平píng不bù阿ā所suǒ私sī,危wēi言yán危wēi行háng以yǐ处chǔ朝zhāo廷tíng者zhě,自zì明míng主zhǔ所suǒ察chá也yě。若ruò尸shī禄lù以yǐ为wéi高gāo,拱gǒng默mò以yǐ为wéi智zhì,当dāng官guān苟gǒu在zài于yú免miǎn负fù,立lì朝zhāo不bù忘wàng于yú容róng身shēn,洁jié行háng逊xùn言yán以yǐ处chǔ朝zhāo廷tíng者zhě,亦yì明míng主zhǔ所suǒ察chá也yě。诚chéng使shǐ容róng身shēn保bǎo位wèi,无wú放fàng退tuì之zhī辜gū,而ér尽jìn节jié在zài公gōng,抱bào见jiàn疑yí之zhī势shì,公gōng义yì不bù修而ér私sī议yì成chéng俗sú,虽suī仲zhòng尼ní为wéi谋móu,犹yóu不bù能néng尽jìn一yī才cái,又yòu况kuàng于yú世shì俗sú之zhī人rén乎hū!今jīn之zhī学xué者zhě,师shī商shāng、韩hán而ér上shàng法fǎ术shù,竞jìng以yǐ儒rú家jiā为wéi迂yū阔kuò,不bù周zhōu世shì用yòng,此cǐ最zuì风fēng俗sú之zhī流弊bì,创chuàng业yè者zhě之zhī所suǒ致zhì慎shèn也yě。后hòu考kǎo课kè竟jìng不bù行háng。

乐lè安ān廉lián昭zhāo以yǐ才cái能néng拔bá擢zhuó,颇pō好hǎo言yán事shì。恕shù上shàng疏shū极jí谏jiàn曰yuē:伏fú见jiàn尚shàng书shū郎láng廉lián昭zhāo奏zòu左zuǒ丞chéng曹cáo璠fán以yǐ罚fá当dāng关guān不bù依yī诏zhào,坐zuò判pàn问wèn。又yòu云yún“诸zhū当dāng坐zuò者zhě别bié奏zòu”。尚shàng书shū令líng陈chén矫jiǎo自zì奏zòu不bù敢gǎn辞cí罚fá,亦yì不bù敢gǎn以yǐ处chǔ重zhòng为wéi恭gōng,意yì至zhì恳kěn恻cè。臣chén窃qiè愍mǐn然rán为wéi朝zhāo廷tíng惜xī之zhī!夫fū圣shèng人rén不bù择zé世shì而ér兴xīng,不bù易yì民mín而ér治zhì,然rán而ér生shēng必bì有yǒu贤xián智zhì之zhī佐zuǒ者zhě,盖gài进jìn之zhī以yǐ道dào,率shuài之zhī以yǐ礼lǐ故gù也yě。古gǔ之zhī帝dì王wáng之zhī所suǒ以yǐ能néng辅fǔ世shì长cháng民mín者zhě,莫mò不bù远yuǎn得dé百bǎi姓xìng之zhī欢huān心xīn,近jìn尽jìn群qún臣chén之zhī智zhì力lì。诚chéng使shǐ今jīn朝zhāo任rèn职zhí之zhī臣chén皆jiē天tiān下xià之zhī选xuǎn,而ér不bù能néng尽jìn其qí力lì,不bù可kě谓wèi能néng使shǐ人rén;若ruò非fēi天tiān下xià之zhī选xuǎn,亦yì不bù可kě谓wèi能néng官guān人rén。陛bì下xià忧yōu劳láo万wàn机jī,或huò亲qīn灯dēng火huǒ,而ér庶shù事shì不bù康kāng,刑xíng禁jīn日rì弛chí,岂qǐ非fēi股gǔ肱gōng不bù称chēng之zhī明míng效xiào欤yú?原yuán其qí所suǒ由yóu,非fēi独dú臣chén有yǒu不bù尽jìn忠zhōng,亦yì主zhǔ有yǒu不bù能néng使shǐ。百bǎi里lǐ奚xī愚yú于yú虞yú而ér智zhì于yú秦qín,豫yù让ràng苟gǒu容róng中zhōng行háng而ér着zhuó节jié智zhì伯bó,斯sī则zé古gǔ人rén之zhī明míng验yàn矣yǐ。今jīn臣chén言yán一yī朝zhāo皆jiē不bù忠zhōng,是shì诬wū一yī朝zhāo也yě;然rán其qí事shì类lèi,可kě推tuī而ér得dé。陛bì下xià感gǎn帑tǎng藏cáng之zhī不bù充chōng实shí,而ér军jūn事shì未wèi息xī,至zhì乃nǎi断duàn四sì时shí之zhī赋fù衣yī,薄báo御yù府fǔ之zhī私sī谷gǔ,帅shuài由yóu圣shèng意yì,举jǔ朝zhāo称chēng明míng,与yǔ闻wén政zhèng事shì密mì勿wù大dà臣chén,宁níng有yǒu恳kěn恳kěn忧yōu此cǐ者zhě乎hū?

骑qí都dū尉wèi王wáng才cái,幸xìng乐lè人rén孟mèng思sī所suǒ为wéi不bù法fǎ,振zhèn动dòng京jīng都dū,而ér其qí罪zuì状zhuàng发fā于yú小xiǎo吏lì,公gōng卿qīng大dà臣chén初chū无wú一yī言yán。自zì陛bì下xià践jiàn阼zuò以yǐ来lái,司sī隶lì校xiào尉wèi、御yù史shǐ中zhōng丞chéng宁níng有yǒu举jǔ纲gāng维wéi以yǐ督dū奸jiān宄guǐ,使shǐ朝zhāo廷tíng肃sù然rán者zhě邪xié?

若ruò陛bì下xià以yǐ为wéi今jīn世shì无wú良liáng才cái,朝zhāo廷tíng乏fá贤xián佐zuǒ,岂qǐ可kě追zhuī望wàng稷jì、契qì之zhī遐xiá踪zōng,坐zuò待dài来lái世shì之zhī俊jùn乂yì乎hū!今jīn之zhī所suǒ谓wèi贤xián者zhě,尽jìn有yǒu大dà官guān而ér享xiǎng厚hòu禄lù矣yǐ,然rán而ér奉fèng上shàng之zhī节jié未wèi立lì,向xiàng公gōng之zhī心xīn不bù一yī者zhě,委wěi任rèn之zhī责zé不bù专zhuān,而ér俗sú多duō忌jì讳huì故gù也yě。臣chén以yǐ为wéi忠zhōng臣chén不bù必bì亲qīn,亲qīn臣chén不bù必bì忠zhōng。何hé者zhě?以yǐ其qí居jū无wú嫌xián之zhī地dì而ér事shì得dé自zì尽jìn也yě。今jīn有yǒu疏shū者zhě毁huǐ人rén不bù实shí其qí所suǒ毁huǐ,而ér必bì曰yuē私sī报bào所suǒ憎zēng,誉yù人rén不bù实shí其qí所suǒ誉yù,而ér必bì曰yuē私sī爱ài所suǒ亲qīn,左zuǒ右yòu或huò因yīn之zhī以yǐ进jìn憎zēng爱ài之zhī说shuō。非fēi独dú毁huǐ益yì有yǒu之zhī,政zhèng事shì损sǔn益yì,亦yì皆jiē有yǒu嫌xián。陛bì下xià当dāng思sī所suǒ以yǐ阐chǎn广guǎng朝zhāo臣chén之zhī心xīn,笃dǔ厉lì有yǒu道dào之zhī节jié,使shǐ之zhī自zì同tóng古gǔ人rén,望wàng与yǔ竹zhú帛bó耳ěr。反fǎn使shǐ如rú廉lián昭zhāo者zhě扰rǎo乱luàn其qí间jiān,臣chén惧jù大dà臣chén遂suì将jiāng容róng身shēn保bǎo位wèi,坐zuò观guān得dé失shī,为wéi来lái世shì戒jiè也yě!“

昔xī周zhōu公gōng戒jiè鲁lǔ侯hóu曰yuē:“无wú使shǐ大dà臣chén怨yuàn乎hū不bù以yǐ”,不bù言yán贤xián愚yú,明míng皆jiē当dāng世shì用yòng也yě。尧yáo数shù舜shùn之zhī功gōng,称chēng去qù四sì凶xiōng,不bù言yán大dà小xiǎo,有yǒu罪zuì则zé去qù也yě。今jīn者zhě朝zhāo臣chén不bù自zì以yǐ为wéi不bù能néng,以yǐ陛bì下xià为wéi不bù任rèn也yě;不bù自zì以yǐ为wéi不bù智zhì,以yǐ陛bì下xià为wéi不bù问wèn也yě。陛bì下xià何hé不bù遵zūn周zhōu公gōng之zhī所suǒ以yǐ用yòng,大dà舜shùn之zhī所suǒ以yǐ去qù?使shǐ侍shì中zhōng、尚shàng书shū坐zuò则zé侍shì帷wéi幄wò,行háng则zé从cóng华huá辇niǎn,亲qīn对duì诏zhào问wèn,所suǒ陈chén必bì达dá,则zé群qún臣chén之zhī行háng,能néng否fǒu皆jiē可kě得dé而ér知zhī;忠zhōng能néng者zhě进jìn,暗àn劣liè者zhě退tuì,谁shuí敢gǎn依yī违wéi而ér不bù自zì尽jìn?以yǐ陛bì下xià之zhī圣shèng明míng,亲qīn与yǔ群qún臣chén论lùn议yì政zhèng事shì,使shǐ群qún臣chén人rén得dé自zì尽jìn,人rén自zì以yǐ为wéi亲qīn,人rén思sī所suǒ以yǐ报bào,贤xián愚yú能néng否fǒu,在zài陛bì下xià之zhī所suǒ用yòng。以yǐ此cǐ治zhì事shì,何hé事shì不bù办bàn?以yǐ此cǐ建jiàn功gōng,何hé功gōng不bù成chéng?每měi有yǒu军jūn事shì,诏zhào书shū常cháng曰yuē:“谁shuí当dāng忧yōu此cǐ者zhě邪xié?吾wú当dāng自zì忧yōu耳ěr。”近jìn昭zhāo又yòu曰yuē:“忧yōu公gōng忘wàng私sī者zhě必bì不bù然rán,但dàn先xiān公gōng后hòu私sī即jí自zì办bàn也yě。”伏fú读dú明míng诏zhào,乃nǎi知zhī圣shèng思sī究尽jìn下xià情qíng,然rán亦yì怪guài陛bì下xià不bù治zhì其qí本běn而ér忧yōu其qí末mò也yě。人rén之zhī能néng否fǒu,实shí有yǒu本běn性xìng,虽suī臣chén亦yì以yǐ为wéi朝zhāo臣chén不bù尽jìn称chēng职zhí也yě。明míng主zhǔ之zhī用yòng人rén也yě,使shǐ能néng者zhě不bù敢gǎn遗yí其qí力lì,而ér不bù能néng者zhě不bù得dé处chǔ非fēi其qí任rèn。选xuǎn举jǔ非fēi其qí人rén,未wèi必bì为wéi有yǒu罪zuì也yě;举jǔ朝zhāo共gòng容róng非fēi其qí人rén,乃nǎi为wéi怪guài耳ěr。陛bì下xià知zhī其qí不bù尽jìn力lì也yě,而ér代dài之zhī忧yōu其qí职zhí,知zhī其qí不bù能néng也yě,而ér教jiào之zhī治zhì其qí事shì,岂qǐ徒tú主zhǔ劳láo而ér臣chén逸yì哉zāi?虽suī圣shèng贤xián并bìng世shì,终zhōng不bù能néng以yǐ此cǐ为wéi治zhì也yě。

陛bì下xià又yòu患huàn台tái阁gé禁jīn令líng之zhī不bù密mì,人rén事shì请qǐng属shǔ之zhī不bù之zhī绝jué,听tīng伊yī尹yǐn作zuò迎yíng客kè出chū入rù之zhī制zhì,选xuǎn司sī徒tú更gēng恶è吏lì以yǐ守shǒu寺sì门mén,威wēi禁jīn由yóu之zhī,实shí未wèi得dé为wéi禁jīn之zhī本běn也yě。昔xī汉hàn安ān帝dì时shí,少shǎo府fǔ窦dòu嘉jiā辟bì廷tíng尉wèi郭guō躬gōng无wú罪zuì之zhī兄xiōng子zǐ,犹yóu见jiàn举jǔ奏zòu,章zhāng劾hé纷fēn纷fēn。近jìn司sī隶lì校xiào尉wèi孔kǒng羡xiàn辟bì大dà将jiāng军jūn狂kuáng悖bèi之zhī弟dì,而ér有yǒu司sī嘿hēi尔ěr,望wàng风fēng希xī指zhǐ,甚shèn于yú受shòu属shǔ。选xuǎn举jǔ不bù以yǐ实shí,人rén事shì之zhī大dà者zhě也yě。嘉jiā有yǒu亲qīn戚qī之zhī宠chǒng,躬gōng非fēi社shè稷jì重zhòng臣chén,犹yóu尚shàng如rú此cǐ;以yǐ今jīn况kuàng古gǔ,陛bì下xià自zì不bù督dū必bì行háng之zhī罚fá以yǐ绝jué阿ā党dǎng之zhī原yuán耳ěr。伊yī尹yǐn之zhī制zhì,与yǔ恶è吏lì守shǒu门mén,非fēi治zhì世shì之zhī具jù也yě。使shǐ臣chén之zhī言yán少shǎo蒙mēng察chá纳nà,何hé患huàn于yú奸jiān不bù削xiāo灭miè,而ér养yǎng若ruò昭zhāo等děng乎hū!

夫fū纠擿tī奸jiān宄guǐ,忠zhōng事shì也yě,然rán而ér世shì憎zēng小xiǎo人rén行háng之zhī者zhě,以yǐ其qí不bù顾gù道dào理lǐ而ér求容róng进jìn也yě。若ruò陛bì下xià不bù复fù考kǎo其qí终zhōng始shǐ,必bì以yǐ违wéi众zhòng忤wǔ世shì为wéi奉fèng公gōng,密mì行háng白bái人rén为wéi尽jìn节jié,焉yān有yǒu通tōng人rén大dà才cái而ér更gēng不bù能néng为wéi此cǐ邪xié?

诚chéng顾gù道dào理lǐ而ér弗fú为wéi耳ěr。使shǐ天tiān下xià皆jiē背bèi道dào而ér趋qū利lì,则zé人rén主zhǔ之zhī所suǒ最zuì病bìng者zhě,陛bì下xià将jiāng何hé乐lè焉yān,胡hú不bù绝jué其qí萌méng乎hū!夫fū先xiān意yì承chéng旨zhǐ以yǐ求容róng美měi,率shuài皆jiē天tiān下xià浅qiǎn薄báo无wú行háng义yì者zhě,其qí意yì务wù在zài于yú适shì人rén主zhǔ之zhī心xīn而ér已yǐ,非fēi欲yù治zhì天tiān下xià安ān百bǎi姓xìng也yě。陛bì下xià何hé不bù试shì变biàn业yè而ér示shì之zhī,彼bǐ岂qǐ执zhí其qí所suǒ守shǒu以yǐ违wéi圣shèng意yì哉zāi?夫fū人rén臣chén得dé人rén主zhǔ之zhī心xīn,安ān业yè也yě;处chǔ尊zūn显xiǎn之zhī官guān,荣róng事shì也yě;食shí千qiān钟zhōng之zhī禄lù,厚hòu实shí也yě。人rén臣chén虽suī愚yú,未wèi有yǒu不bù乐lè此cǐ而ér喜xǐ干gān迕wǔ者zhě也yě,迫pò于yú道dào,自zì强qiáng耳ěr。诚chéng以yǐ为wéi陛bì下xià当dāng怜lián而ér佑yòu之zhī,少shǎo委wěi任rèn焉yān,如rú何hé反fǎn录lù昭zhāo等děng倾qīng侧cè之zhī意yì,而ér忽hū若ruò人rén者zhě乎hū?今jīn者zhě外wài有yǒu伺sì隙xì之zhī寇kòu,内nèi有yǒu贫pín旷kuàng之zhī民mín,陛bì下xià当dāng大dà计jì天tiān下xià之zhī损sǔn益yì,政zhèng事shì之zhī得dé失shī,诚chéng不bù可kě以yǐ怠dài也yě。恕shù在zài朝zhāo八bā年nián,其qí论lùn议yì亢kàng直zhí,皆jiē此cǐ类lèi也yě。

出chū为wéi弘hóng农nóng太tài守shǒu,数shù岁suì转zhuǎn赵zhào相xiāng,以yǐ疾jí去qù官guān。起qǐ家jiā为wéi河hé东dōng太tài守shǒu,岁suì余yú,迁qiān淮huái北běi都dū督dū护hù军jūn,复fù以yǐ疾jí去qù。恕shù所suǒ在zài,务wù存cún大dà体tǐ而ér已yǐ,其qí树shù惠huì爱ài,益yì得dé百bǎi姓xìng欢huān心xīn,不bù及jí于yú畿jī。顷qǐng之zhī,拜bài御yù史shǐ中zhōng丞chéng。恕shù在zài朝zhāo廷tíng,以yǐ不bù得dé当dāng世shì之zhī和hé,故gù屡在zài外wài任rèn。复fù出chū为wéi幽yōu州zhōu刺cì吏lì,加jiā建jiàn威wēi将jiāng军jūn,使shǐ持chí节jié,护hù乌wū丸wán校xiào尉wèi。时shí征zhēng北běi将jiāng军jūn程chéng喜xǐ屯tún蓟jì,尚shàng书shū袁yuán侃kǎn等děng戒jiè恕shù曰yuē:“程chéng申shēn伯bó处chǔ先xiān帝dì之zhī世shì,倾qīng田tián国guó让ràng于yú青qīng州zhōu。足zú下xià今jīn俱jù杖zhàng节jié,使shǐ共gòng屯tún一yī城chéng,宜yí深shēn有yǒu以yǐ待dài之zhī。”而ér恕shù不bù以yǐ为wéi意yì。至zhì官guān未wèi期qī,有yǒu鲜xiān卑bēi大dà人rén儿ér,不bù由yóu关guān塞sāi,径jìng将jiāng数shù十shí骑qí诣yì州zhōu,州zhōu斩zhǎn所suǒ从cóng来lái小xiǎo子zǐ一yī人rén,无wú表biǎo言yán上shàng。

喜xǐ于yú是shì劾hé奏zòu恕shù,下xià廷tíng尉wèi,当dāng死sǐ。以yǐ父fù畿jī勤qín事shì水shuǐ死sǐ,免miǎn为wéi庶shù人rén,徙xǐ章zhāng武wǔ郡jùn,是shì岁suì嘉jiā平píng元yuán年nián。

恕shù倜tì傥tǎng任rèn意yì,而ér思sī不bù防fáng患huàn,终zhōng至zhì此cǐ败bài。

初chū,恕shù从cóng赵zhào郡jùn还huán,陈chén留阮ruǎn武wǔ亦yì从cóng清qīng河hé太tài守shǒu征zhēng,俱jù自zì薄báo廷tíng尉wèi。谓wèi恕shù曰yuē:“相xiāng观guān才cái性xìng可kě以yǐ由yóu公gōng道dào而ér持chí之zhī不bù厉lì,器qì能néng可kě以yǐ处chǔ大dà官guān而ér求之zhī不bù顺shùn,才cái学xué可kě以yǐ述shù古gǔ今jīn而ér志zhì之zhī不bù一yī,此cǐ所suǒ谓wèi有yǒu其qí才cái而ér无wú其qí用yòng。今jīn向xiàng闲xián暇xiá,可kě试shì潜qián思sī,成chéng一yī家jiā言yán。”在zài章zhāng武wǔ,遂suì着zhuó《本běn论lùn》八bā篇piān。

又yòu着zhuó《兴xīng性xìng论lùn》一yī篇piān,盖gài兴xīng于yú为wéi己jǐ也yě。四sì年nián,卒zú于yú徙xǐ所suǒ。

甘gān露lòu二èr年nián,河hé东dōng乐lè详xiáng年nián九十shí余yú,上shàng书shū讼sòng畿jī之zhī遗yí绩jì,朝zhāo廷tíng感gǎn焉yān。诏zhào封fēng恕shù子zǐ预yù为wéi丰fēng乐lè亭tíng侯hóu,邑yì百bǎi户hù。恕shù奏zòu议yì论lùn驳bó皆jiē可kě观guān,掇duō其qí切qiē世shì大dà事shì着zhuó于yú篇piān。

郑zhèng浑hún字zì文wén公gōng,河hé南nán开kāi封fēng人rén也yě。高gāo祖zǔ父fù众zhòng,众zhòng父fù兴xīng,皆jiē为wéi名míng儒rú。浑hún兄xiōng泰tài,与yǔ荀xún攸yōu等děng谋móu诛zhū董dǒng卓zhuó,为wéi扬yáng州zhōu刺cì史shǐ,卒zú。浑hún将jiāng泰tài小xiǎo子zǐ袤mào避bì难nán淮huái南nán,袁yuán术shù宾bīn礼lǐ甚shèn厚hòu。浑hún知zhī术shù必bì败bài。时shí华huá歆xīn为wéi豫yù章zhāng太tài守shǒu,素sù与yǔ泰tài善shàn,浑hún乃nǎi渡dù江jiāng投tóu歆xīn。太tài祖zǔ闻wén其qí笃dǔ行háng,召zhào为wéi掾yuàn,复fù迁qiān下xià蔡cài长cháng、邵shào陵líng令líng。天tiān下xià未wèi定dìng,民mín皆jiē剽piāo轻qīng,不bù念niàn产chǎn殖zhí;其qí生shēng子zǐ无wú以yǐ相xiāng活huó,率shuài皆jiē不bù举jǔ。浑hún所suǒ在zài夺duó其qí渔yú猎liè之zhī具jù,课kè使shǐ耕gēng桑sāng,又yòu兼jiān开kāi稻dào田tián,重zhòng去qù子zǐ之zhī法fǎ。民mín初chū畏wèi罪zuì,后hòu稍shāo丰fēng给gěi,无wú不bù举jǔ赡shàn;所suǒ育yù男nán女nǚ,多duō以yǐ郑zhèng为wéi字zì。辟bì为wéi丞chéng相xiāng掾yuàn属shǔ,迁qiān左zuǒ冯féng翊yì。

时shí梁liáng兴xīng等děng略吏lì五wǔ千qiān余yú家jiā为wéi寇kòu钞chāo,诸zhū县xiàn不bù能néng御yù,皆jiē恐kǒng惧jù,寄jì治zhì郡jùn下xià。议yì者zhě悉xī以yǐ为wéi当dāng移yí就jiù险xiǎn,浑hún曰yuē:“兴xīng等děng破pò散sàn,窜cuàn在zài山shān阻zǔ。虽suī有yǒu随suí者zhě,率shuài胁xié从cóng耳ěr。今jīn当dāng广guǎng开kāi降jiàng路lù,宣xuān喻yù恩ēn信xìn。

而ér保bǎo险xiǎn自zì守shǒu,此cǐ示shì弱ruò也yě。“乃nǎi聚jù敛liǎn吏lì民mín,治zhì城chéng郭guō,为wéi守shǒu御yù之zhī备bèi。遂suì发fā民mín逐zhú贼zéi,明míng赏shǎng罚fá,与yǔ要yào誓shì,其qí所suǒ得dé获huò,十shí以yǐ七qī赏shǎng。百bǎi姓xìng大dà悦yuè,皆jiē愿yuàn捕bǔ贼zéi,多duō得dé妇fù女nǚ、财cái物wù。贼zéi之zhī失shī妻qī子zǐ者zhě,皆jiē还huán求降jiàng。浑hún责zé其qí得dé他tā妇fù女nǚ,然rán后hòu还huán其qí妻qī子zǐ,于yú是shì转zhuǎn相xiāng寇kòu盗dào,党dǎng与yǔ离lí散sàn。又yòu遣qiǎn吏lì民mín有yǒu恩ēn信xìn者zhě,分fēn布bù山shān谷gǔ告gào喻yù,出chū者zhě相xiāng继jì,乃nǎi使shǐ诸zhū县xiàn长cháng吏lì各gè还huán本běn治zhì以yǐ安ān集jí之zhī。兴xīng等děng惧jù,将jiāng余yú众zhòng聚jù鄜fū城chéng。太tài祖zǔ使shǐ夏xià侯hóu渊yuān就jiù助zhù郡jùn击jī之zhī,浑hún率shuài吏lì民mín前qián登dēng,斩zhǎn兴xīng及jí其qí支zhī党dǎng。又yòu贼zéi靳jìn富fù等děng,胁xié将jiāng夏xià阳yáng长cháng、邵shào陵líng令líng并bìng其qí吏lì民mín入rù硙wéi山shān,浑hún复fù讨tǎo击jī破pò富fù等děng,获huò二èr县xiàn长cháng吏lì,将jiāng其qí所suǒ略还huán。及jí赵zhào青qīng龙lóng者zhě,杀shā左zuǒ内nèi史shǐ程chéng休xiū,浑hún闻wén,遣qiǎn壮zhuàng士shì就jiù枭xiāo其qí首shǒu。前qián后hòu归guī附fù四sì千qiān余yú家jiā,由yóu是shì山shān贼zéi皆jiē平píng,民mín安ān产chǎn业yè。转zhuǎn为wéi上shàng党dǎng太tài守shǒu。

太tài祖zǔ征zhēng汉hàn中zhōng,以yǐ浑hún为wéi京jīng兆zhào尹yǐn。浑hún以yǐ百bǎi姓xìng新xīn集jí,为wéi制zhì移yí居jū之zhī法fǎ,使shǐ兼jiān复fù者zhě与yǔ单dān轻qīng者zhě相xiāng伍wǔ,温wēn信xìn者zhě与yǔ孤gū老lǎo为wéi比bǐ,勤qín稼jià穑sè,明míng禁jīn令líng,以yǐ发fā奸jiān者zhě。由yóu是shì民mín安ān于yú农nóng。而ér盗dào贼zéi止zhǐ息xī。及jí大dà军jūn入rù汉hàn中zhōng,运yùn转zhuǎn军jūn粮liáng为wéi最zuì。又yòu遣qiǎn民mín田tián汉hàn中zhōng,无wú逃táo亡wáng者zhě。太tài祖zǔ益yì嘉jiā之zhī,复fù人rén为wéi丞chéng相xiāng掾yuàn。

文wén帝dì即jí位wèi,为wéi傍bàng御yù史shǐ,加jiā驸fù马mǎ都dū尉wèi,迁qiān阳yáng平píng、沛pèi郡jùn二èr太tài守shǒu。郡jùn界jiè下xià湿shī,患huàn水shuǐ涝lào,百bǎi姓xìng饥jī乏fá。浑hún于yú萧xiāo、相xiāng二èr县xiàn界jiè,兴xīng陂bēi遏è,开kāi稻dào田tián。郡jùn人rén皆jiē以yǐ为wéi不bù便biàn,浑hún曰yuē:“地dì势shì洿wū下xià,宜yí溉gài灌guàn,终zhōng有yǒu鱼yú稻dào经jīng久之zhī利lì,此cǐ丰fēng民mín之zhī本běn也yě。”遂suì躬gōng率shuài吏lì民mín,兴xīng立lì功gōng夫fū,一yī冬dōng间jiān皆jiē成chéng。比bǐ年nián大dà收shōu,顷qǐng亩mǔ岁suì增zēng,租zū入rù倍bèi常cháng,民mín赖lài其qí利lì,刻kè石shí颂sòng之zhī,号hào曰yuē郑zhèng陂bēi。转zhuǎn为wéi山shān阳yáng、魏wèi郡jùn太tài守shǒu,其qí治zhì放fàng此cǐ。又yòu以yǐ郡jùn下xià百bǎi姓xìng,苦kǔ乏fá材cái木mù,乃nǎi课kè树shù榆yú为wéi篱lí,并bìng益yì树shù五wǔ果guǒ;榆yú皆jiē成chéng藩fān,五wǔ果guǒ丰fēng实shí。入rù魏wèi郡jùn界jiè,村cūn落là齐qí整zhěng如rú一yī,民mín得dé财cái足zú用yòng饶ráo。明míng帝dì闻wén之zhī,下xià诏zhào称chēng述shù,布bù告gào天tiān下xià。迁qiān将jiāng作zuò大dà匠jiàng。浑hún清qīng索suǒ在zài公gōng,妻qī子zǐ不bù免miǎn于yú饥jī寒hán。及jí卒zú,以yǐ子zǐ崇chóng为wéi郎láng中zhōng。

仓cāng慈cí宇yǔ孝xiào仁rén,淮huái南nán人rén也yě。始shǐ为wéi郡jùn吏lì。建jiàn安ān中zhōng,太tài祖zǔ开kāi募mù屯tún田tián于yú淮huái南nán,以yǐ慈cí为wéi绥suí集jí都dū尉wèi。黄huáng初chū末mò,为wéi长cháng安ān令líng,清qīng约yuē有yǒu方fāng,吏lì民mín畏wèi而ér爱ài之zhī。太tài和hé中zhōng,迁qiān敦dūn煌huáng大dà守shǒu。郡jùn在zài西xī陲chuí,以yǐ丧sāng乱luàn隔gé绝jué,旷kuàng无wú太tài守shǒu二èr十shí岁suì,大dà姓xìng雄xióng张zhāng,遂suì以yǐ为wéi俗sú。前qián太tài守shǒu尹yǐn奉fèng等děng,循xún故gù而ér已yǐ,无wú所suǒ匡kuāng革gé。慈cí到dào,抑yì挫cuò权quán右yòu,抚fǔ恤xù贫pín羸léi,甚shèn得dé其qí理lǐ。旧jiù大dà族zú田tián地dì有yǒu余yú,而ér小xiǎo民mín无wú立lì锥zhuī之zhī土tǔ;慈cí皆jiē随suí口kǒu割gē赋fù,稍shāo稍shāo使shǐ毕bì其qí本běn直zhí。先xiān是shì属shǔ城chéng狱yù讼sòng众zhòng猥wěi,县xiàn不bù能néng决jué,多duō集jí治zhì下xià;慈cí躬gōng往wǎng省shěng阅yuè,料liào简jiǎn轻qīng重zhòng,自zì非fēi殊shū死sǐ,但dàn鞭biān杖zhàng遣qiǎn之zhī,一yī岁suì决jué刑xíng曾zēng不bù满mǎn十shí人rén。又yòu常cháng日rì西xī域yù杂zá胡hú欲yù来lái贡gòng献xiàn,而ér诸zhū豪háo族zú多duō逆nì断duàn绝jué;既jì与yǔ贸mào迁qiān,欺qī诈zhà侮wǔ易yì,多duō不bù得dé分fēn明míng。胡hú常cháng怨yuàn望wàng,慈cí皆jiē劳láo之zhī。欲yù诣yì洛luò者zhě,为wéi封fēng过guò所suǒ,欲yù从cóng郡jùn还huán者zhě,官guān为wéi平píng取qǔ,辄zhé以yǐ府fǔ见jiàn物wù与yǔ共gòng交jiāo市shì,使shǐ吏lì民mín护hù送sòng道dào路lù,由yóu是shì民mín夷yí翕xī然rán称chēng其qí德dé惠huì。数shù年nián卒zú官guān,吏lì民mín悲bēi感gǎn如rú丧sāng亲qīn戚qī,图tú画huà其qí形xíng,思sī其qí遗yí像xiàng。及jí西xī域yù诸zhū胡hú闻wén慈cí死sǐ,悉xī共gòng会huì聚jù于yú戊wù己jǐ校xiào尉wèi及jí长cháng吏lì治zhì下xià发fā哀āi,或huò有yǒu以yǐ刀dāo画huà面miàn,以yǐ明míng血xiě诚chéng,又yòu为wéi立lì祠cí,遥yáo共gòng祠cí之zhī。

自zì太tài祖zǔ迄qì于yú咸xián熙xī,魏wèi郡jùn太tài守shǒu陈chén国guó吴wú瓘guàn、清qīng河hé太tài守shǒu乐lè安ān任rèn燠yù、京jīng兆zhào太tài守shǒu济jì北běi颜yán斐fěi、弘hóng农nóng太tài守shǒu太tài原yuán令líng狐hú邵shào、济jì南nán相xiāng鲁lǔ国guó孔kǒng乂yì,或huò哀āi矜jīn折zhē狱yù,或huò推tuī诚chéng惠huì爱ài,或huò治zhì身shēn清qīng白bái,或huò擿tī奸jiān发fā伏fú,咸xián为wéi良liáng二èr千qiān石shí。

评píng曰yuē:任rèn峻jùn始shǐ兴xīng义yì兵bīng,以yǐ归guī太tài祖zǔ,辟bì土tǔ殖zhí谷gǔ,仓cāng瘐yǔ盈yíng溢yì,庸yōng绩jì致zhì矣yǐ。苏sū则zé威wēi以yǐ平píng乱luàn,既jì政zhèng事shì之zhī良liáng,又yòu矫jiǎo矫jiǎo刚gāng直zhí,风fēng烈liè足zú称chēng。杜dù畿jī宽kuān猛měng克kè济jì,惠huì以yǐ康kāng民mín。郑zhèng浑hún、仓cāng慈cí,恤xù理lǐ有yǒu方fāng。抑yì皆jiē魏wèi代dài之zhī名míng守shǒu乎hū!恕shù屡陈chén时shí政zhèng,经jīng纶lún治zhì体tǐ,盖gài有yǒu可kě观guān焉yān。