三都赋 · 蜀都赋

晋 · 左思

有yǒu西xī蜀shǔ公gōng子zǐ者zhě,言yán于yú东dōng吴wú王wáng孙sūn,曰yuē:“盖gài闻wén天tiān以yǐ日rì月yuè为wéi纲gāng,地dì以yǐ四sì海hǎi为wéi纪jì。九土tǔ星xīng分fēn,万wàn国guó错cuò跱zhì。崤xiáo函hán有yǒu帝dì皇huáng之zhī宅zhái,河hé洛luò为wéi王wáng者zhě之zhī里lǐ。吾wú子zǐ岂qǐ亦yì曾zēng闻wén蜀shǔ都dū之zhī事shì欤yú?请qǐng为wéi左zuǒ右yòu扬yáng榷què而ér陈chén之zhī。

“夫fū蜀shǔ都dū者zhě,盖gài兆zhào基jī于yú上shàng世shì,开kāi国guó于yú中zhōng古gǔ。廓kuò灵líng关guān以yǐ为wéi门mén,包bāo玉yù垒lěi而ér为wéi宇yǔ。带dài二èr江jiāng之zhī双shuāng流,抗kàng峨é眉méi之zhī重zhòng阻zǔ。水shuǐ陆lù所suǒ凑còu,兼jiān六liù合hé而ér交jiāo会huì焉yān;丰fēng蔚wèi所suǒ盛shèng,茂mào八bā区qū而ér庵ān蔼ǎi焉yān。”

“于yú前qián则zé跨kuà蹑niè犍jiān牂zāng,枕zhěn輢yǐ交jiāo趾zhǐ。经jīng途tú所suǒ亘gèn,五wǔ千qiān馀yú里lǐ。山shān阜fù相xiāng属shǔ,含hán溪xī怀huái谷gǔ。岗gǎng峦luán纠纷fēn,触chù石shí吐tǔ云yún。郁yù葐pén蒀yūn以yǐ翠cuì微wēi,崛jué巍wēi巍wēi以yǐ峨é峨é。干gān青qīng霄xiāo而ér秀xiù出chū,舒shū丹dān气qì而ér为wéi霞xiá。龙lóng池chí𤀰xuè瀑pù𣸣fén其qí隈wēi,漏lòu江jiāng伏fú流溃kuì其qí阿ā。汨mì若ruò汤tāng谷gǔ之zhī扬yáng涛tāo,沛pèi若ruò蒙mēng汜sì之zhī涌yǒng波bō。于yú是shì乎hū邛qióng竹zhú缘yuán岭lǐng,菌jūn桂guì临lín崖yá。旁páng挺tǐng龙lóng目mù,侧cè生shēng荔lì枝zhī。布bù绿lǜ叶yè之zhī萋qī萋qī,结jié朱zhū实shí之zhī离lí离lí。迎yíng隆lóng冬dōng而ér不bù凋diāo,常cháng晔yè晔yè以yǐ猗yī猗yī。孔kǒng翠cuì群qún翔xiáng,犀xī象xiàng竞jìng驰chí。白bái雉zhì朝zhāo雊gòu,猩xīng猩xīng夜yè啼tí。金jīn马mǎ骋chěng光guāng而ér绝jué景jǐng,碧bì鸡jī倏shū忽hū而ér曜yào仪yí。火huǒ井jǐng沈shěn荧yíng于yú幽yōu泉quán,高gāo爓yàn飞fēi煽shān于yú天tiān垂chuí。其qí间jiān则zé有yǒu虎hǔ珀pò丹dān青qīng,江jiāng珠zhū瑕xiá英yīng。金jīn沙shā银yín砾lì,符fú采cǎi彪biāo炳bǐng,晖huī丽lì灼zhuó烁shuò。”

“于yú后hòu则zé却què背bèi华huá容róng,北běi指zhǐ昆kūn仑lún。缘yuán以yǐ剑jiàn阁gé,阻zǔ以yǐ石shí门mén。流汉hàn汤tāng汤tāng,惊jīng浪làng雷léi奔bēn。望wàng之zhī天tiān回huí,即jí之zhī云yún昏hūn。水shuǐ物wù殊shū品pǐn,鳞lín介jiè异yì族zú。或huò藏cáng蛟jiāo螭chī,或huò隐yǐn碧bì玉yù。嘉jiā鱼yú出chū于yú丙bǐng穴xué,良liáng木mù攒zǎn于yú褒bāo谷gǔ。其qí树shù则zé有yǒu木mù兰lán梫qǐn桂guì,杞qǐ櫹xiāo椅yǐ桐tóng,袄ǎo桠yā楔xiē枞cōng。楩pián柟nán幽yōu蔼ǎi于yú谷gǔ底dǐ,松sōng柏bǎi蓊wěng郁yù于yú山shān峰fēng。擢zhuó修干gān,竦sǒng长cháng条tiáo。扇shàn飞fēi云yún,拂fú轻qīng霄xiāo。羲xī和hé假jiǎ道dào于yú峻jùn歧qí,阳yáng乌wū回huí翼yì乎hū高gāo标biāo。巢cháo居jū栖qī翔xiáng,聿yù兼jiān邓dèng林lín。穴xué宅zhái奇qí兽shòu,窠kē宿sù异yì禽qín。熊xióng罴pí咆páo其qí阳yáng,雕diāo鹗è鴥yù其qí阴yīn。猿yuán狖yòu腾téng希xī而ér竞jìng捷jié,虎hǔ豹bào长cháng啸xiào而ér永yǒng吟yín。”

“于yú东dōng则zé左zuǒ绵mián巴bā中zhōng,百bǎi濮pú所suǒ充chōng。外wài负fù铜tóng梁liáng于yú宕dàng渠qú,内nèi函hán要yào害hài于yú膏gāo腴yú。其qí中zhōng则zé有yǒu巴bā菽shū巴bā戟jǐ,灵líng寿shòu桃táo枝zhī。樊fán以yǐ蒩zū圃pǔ,滨bīn以yǐ盐yán池chí。蟞biē蛦yí山shān栖qī,鼋yuán龟guī水shuǐ处chǔ。潜qián龙lóng蟠pán于yú沮jǔ泽zé,应yīng鸣míng鼓gǔ而ér兴xīng雨yǔ。丹dān沙shā赩xì炽chì出chū其qí阪bǎn,蜜mì房fáng郁yù毓yù被bèi其qí阜fù。山shān图tú采cǎi而ér得dé道dào,赤chì斧fǔ服fú而ér不bù朽。若ruò乃nǎi刚gāng悍hàn生shēng其qí方fāng,风fēng谣yáo尚shàng其qí武wǔ。奋fèn之zhī则zé賨cóng旅,玩wán之zhī则zé渝yú舞wǔ。锐ruì气qì剽piāo于yú中zhōng叶yè,𫏋容róng世shì于yú乐lè府fǔ。”

“于yú西xī则zé右yòu挟xié岷mín山shān,涌yǒng渎dú发fā川chuān。陪péi以yǐ白bái狼láng,夷yí歌gē成chéng章zhāng。坰jiōng野yě草cǎo昧mèi,林lín麓lù黝yǒu倏shū。交jiāo让ràng所suǒ植zhí,蹲dūn鸱chī所suǒ伏fú。百bǎi药yào灌guàn丛cóng,寒hán卉huì冬dōng馥fù。异yì类lèi众zhòng伙huǒ,于yú何hé不bù育yù?其qí中zhōng则zé有yǒu青qīng珠zhū黄huáng环huán,碧bì砮nǔ芒máng消xiāo。或huò丰fēng绿lǜ荑yí,或huò蕃fán丹dān椒jiāo。麋mí芜wú布bù濩huò于yú中zhōng阿ā,风fēng连lián莚yán蔓màn于yú兰lán皋gāo。红hóng葩pā紫zǐ饰shì,柯kē叶yè渐jiàn苞bāo。敷fū蕊ruǐ葳wēi蕤ruí,落là英yīng飘piāo飖yáo。神shén农nóng是shì尝cháng,卢lú跗fū是shì料liào。芳fāng追zhuī气qì邪xié,味wèi蠲juān疠lì痟xiāo其qí封fēng域yù之zhī内nèi,则zé有yǒu原yuán隰xí坟fén衍yǎn,通tōng望wàng弥mí博bó。演yǎn以yǐ潜qián沬huì,浸jìn以yǐ绵mián雒luò。沟gōu洫xù脉mài散sàn,疆jiāng里lǐ绮qǐ错cuò。黍shǔ稷jì油yóu油yóu,藓xiǎn稻dào莫mò莫mò。指zhǐ渠qú口kǒu以yǐ为wéi云yún门mén,洒sǎ滮biāo池chí而ér为wéi陆lù泽zé。虽suī星xīng毕bì之zhī滂pāng遝tà,尚shàng未wèi齐qí其qí膏gāo液yè。尔ěr乃nǎi邑yì居jū隐yǐn赈zhèn,夹jiā江jiāng傍bàng山shān。栋dòng宇yǔ相xiāng望wàng,桑sāng梓zǐ接jiē连lián。家jiā有yǒu盐yán泉quán之zhī井jǐng,户hù有yǒu橘jú柚yòu之zhī园yuán。其qí园yuán则zé林lín檎qín枇pí杷pá,橙chéng缴jiǎo梬yǐng楟tíng。榹sì桃táo函hán列liè,梅méi李lǐ罗luó生shēng。百bǎi果guǒ甲jiǎ宅zhái,异yì色sè同tóng荣róng。朱zhū樱yīng春chūn熟shú,素sù柰nài夏xià成chéng。若ruò乃nǎi大dà火huǒ流,凉liáng风fēng厉lì。白bái露lòu凝níng,微wēi霜shuāng结jié。紫zǐ梨lí津jīn润rùn,樼zhēn栗lì罅xià发fā。蒲pú陶táo乱luàn溃kuì,若ruò榴竞jìng裂liè。甘gān至zhì自zì零líng,芬fēn芬fēn酷kù烈liè。其qí园yuán则zé有yǒu蒟jǔ蒻ruò茱zhū萸yú,瓜guā畴chóu芋yù区qū。甘gān蔗zhè辛xīn姜jiāng,阳yáng蓲qiū阴yīn敷fū。日rì往wǎng菲fēi薇wēi,月yuè来lái扶fú疏shū。任rèn土tǔ所suǒ丽lì,众zhòng献xiàn而ér储chǔ。其qí沃wò瀛yíng则zé有yǒu攒zǎn蒋jiǎng丛cóng蒲pú,绿lǜ菱líng红hóng莲lián。杂zá以yǐ蕴yùn藻zǎo,糅róu以yǐ蘋pín蘩fán。总zǒng茎jīng柅nǐ柅nǐ,裛yì叶yè蓁zhēn蓁zhēn。蕡fén实shí时shí味wèi,王wáng公gōng羞焉yān。其qí中zhōng则zé有yǒu鸿hóng俦chóu鹄gǔ侣,䳲zhèn鹭lù鹈tí鹕hú。晨chén凫fú旦dàn至zhì,候hòu雁yàn衔xián芦lú。木mù落là南nán翔xiáng,冰bīng泮pàn北běi徂cú。云yún飞fēi水shuǐ宿sù,哢lòng吭háng清qīng渠qú。其qí深shēn则zé有yǒu白bái鼋yuán命mìng鳖biē,玄xuán獭tǎ上shàng祭jì。鳣zhān鲔wěi鳟zūn鲂fáng,鮷tí鳢lǐ魦shā鲿cháng。差chà鳞lín次cì色sè,锦jǐn质zhì报bào章zhāng。跃yuè涛tāo戏xì濑lài,中zhōng流相xiāng忘wàng。”

“于yú是shì乎hū金jīn城chéng石shí郭guō,兼jiān墚liáng中zhōng区qū。既jì丽lì且qiě崇chóng,实shí号hào成chéng都dū。辟bì二èr九之zhī通tōng门mén,画huà方fāng轨guǐ之zhī广guǎng涂tú。营yíng新xīn宫gōng于yú爽shuǎng垲kǎi,拟nǐ承chéng明míng而ér起qǐ庐lú。结jié阳yáng城chéng之zhī延yán阁gé,飞fēi观guān榭xiè乎hū云yún中zhōng。开kāi高gāo轩xuān以yǐ临lín山shān,列liè绮qǐ窗chuāng而ér瞰kàn江jiāng。内nèi则zé议yì殿diàn爵jué堂táng,武wǔ义yì虎hǔ威wēi。宣xuān化huà之zhī闼tà,崇chóng礼lǐ之zhī闱wéi。华huá阙quē双shuāng邈miǎo,重zhòng门mén洞dòng开kāi。金jīn铺pū交jiāo映yìng,玉yù题tí相xiāng晖huī。外wài则zé轨guǐ躅zhú八bā达dá,里lǐ闬hàn对duì出chū。比bǐ屋wū连lián甍méng,千qiān庑wǔ万wàn室shì。亦yì有yǒu甲jiǎ第dì,当dāng衢qú向xiàng术shù。坛tán宇yǔ显xiǎn敞chǎng,高gāo门mén纳nà驷sì。庭tíng扣kòu锺zhōng磬qìng,堂táng抚fǔ琴qín瑟sè。匪fěi葛gé匪fěi姜jiāng,畴chóu能néng是shì恤xù。”

“亚yà以yǐ少shǎo城chéng,接jiē乎hū其qí西xī。市shì廛chán所suǒ会huì,万wàn商shāng之zhī渊yuān。列liè隧suì百bǎi重zhòng,罗luó肆sì巨jù千qiān。贿huì货huò山shān积jī,纤xiān丽lì星xīng繁fán。都dū人rén士shì女nǚ,袨xuàn服fú靓jìng䊋。贾gǔ贸mào墆zhì鬻yù,舛chuǎn错cuò纵zòng横héng。异yì物wù崛jué诡guǐ,奇qí于yú八bā方fāng。布bù有yǒu橦tóng华huá,弃qì有yǒu桄guāng榔láng。邛qióng杖zhàng传chuán节jié于yú大dà夏xià之zhī邑yì,蒟jǔ酱jiàng流味wèi于yú番fān禺yú之zhī乡xiāng。舆yú辇niǎn杂zá沓tà,冠guān带dài混hùn并bìng。累léi毂gǔ叠dié迹jì,叛pàn衍yǎn相xiāng倾qīng。喧xuān哗huá鼎dǐng沸fèi,则zé哤máng聒guō宇yǔ宙zhòu;嚣xiāo尘chén张zhāng天tiān,则zé埃āi壒ài曜yào灵líng。阛huán阓huì之zhī里lǐ,伎jì巧qiǎo之zhī家jiā。百bǎi室shì离lí房fáng,机jī杼zhù相xiāng和hé。贝bèi锦jǐn斐fěi成chéng,濯zhuó色sè江jiāng波bō。黄huáng润rùn比bǐ筒tǒng,籯yíng金jīn所suǒ过guò。侈chǐ侈chǐ隆lóng富fù,卓zhuó郑zhèng埒liè名míng。公gōng擅shàn山shān川chuān,货huò殖zhí私sī庭tíng。藏cáng镪qiǎng巨jù万wàn,䤨pì摫guī兼jiān呈chéng。亦yì以yǐ财cái雄xióng,翕xī习xí边biān城chéng。三sān蜀shǔ之zhī豪háo,时shí来lái时shí往wǎng。养yǎng交jiāo都dū邑yì,结jié俦chóu附fù党dǎng。剧jù谈tán戏xì论lùn,扼è腕wàn抵dǐ掌zhǎng。出chū则zé连lián骑qí,归guī从cóng百bǎi两liǎng。若ruò其qí旧jiù俗sú,终zhōng冬dōng始shǐ春chūn。吉jí日rì良liáng辰chén,置zhì酒高gāo堂táng,以yǐ御yù嘉jiā宾bīn。金jīn罍léi中zhōng坐zuò,肴yáo烟yān四sì陈chén。觞shāng以yǐ清qīng醥piǎo,鲜xiān以yǐ紫zǐ鳞lín。羽yǔ爵jué执zhí竞jìng,丝sī竹zhú乃nǎi发fā。巴bā姬jī弹dàn弦xián,汉hàn女nǚ击jī节jié。起qǐ西xī音yīn于yú促cù柱zhù,歌gē江jiāng上shàng之zhī飉liáo厉lì。纡yū长cháng袖xiù而ér屡舞wǔ,翩piān跹xiān跹xiān以yǐ裔yì裔yì。合hé樽zūn促cù席xí,引yǐn满mǎn相xiāng罚fá。乐lè饮yǐn今jīn夕xī,一yī醉zuì累léi月yuè。”

“若ruò夫fū王wáng孙sūn之zhī属shǔ,郤xì公gōng之zhī伦lún。从cóng禽qín于yú外wài,巷xiàng无wú居jū人rén。并bìng乘chéng骥jì子zǐ,俱jù服fú鱼yú文wén。玄xuán黄huáng异yì校xiào,结jié驷sì缤bīn纷fēn。西xī逾yú金jīn堤dī,东dōng越yuè玉yù津jīn。朔shuò别bié期qī晦huì,匪fěi日rì匪fěi旬xún。蹴cù蹈dǎo蒙mēng笼lóng,涉shè𨆍liè寥liáo廓kuò。鹰yīng犬quǎn倏shū眒shēn,罻wèi罗luó络luò幕mù。毛máo群qún陆lù离lí,羽yǔ族zú纷fēn泊bó。翕xī响xiǎng挥huī霍huò,中zhōng网wǎng林lín薄báo。屠tú麖jīng麋mí,剪jiǎn旄máo麈zhǔ。带dài文wén蛇shé,跨kuà雕diāo虎hǔ。志zhì未wèi骋chěng,时shí欲yù晚wǎn。追zhuī轻qīng翼yì,赴fù绝jué远yuǎn。出chū彭péng门mén之zhī阙quē,驰chí九折zhē之zhī阪bǎn。经jīng三sān峡xiá之zhī峥zhēng嵘róng,蹑niè五wǔ屼wù之zhī蹇jiǎn浐chǎn。戟jǐ食shí铁tiě之zhī兽shòu,射shè噬shì毒dú之zhī鹿lù。皛xiǎo䝙氓méng于yú葽yāo草cǎo,弹dàn言yán鸟niǎo于yú森sēn木mù。拔bá象xiàng齿chǐ,戾lì犀xī角jiǎo。鸟niǎo铩shā翮hé,兽shòu废fèi足zú。”

“殆dài而ér朅qiè来lái相xiāng与yǔ,第dì如rú滇diān池chí,集jí于yú江jiāng洲zhōu。试shì水shuǐ客kè,舣yǐ轻qīng舟zhōu。娉pīng江jiāng婓fēi,与yǔ神shén游yóu。罨yǎn翡fěi翠cuì,钓diào鰋yǎn鲉yóu。下xià高gāo鹄gǔ,出chū潜qián虬。吹chuī洞dòng箫xiāo,发fā棹zhào讴ōu。感gǎn媂dì鱼yú,动dòng阳yáng侯hóu。腾téng波bō沸fèi涌yǒng,珠zhū贝bèi汜sì浮fú。若ruò云yún汉hàn含hán星xīng,而ér光guāng耀yào洪hóng流。将jiāng飨xiǎng獠liáo者zhě,张zhāng帟yì幕mù,会huì平píng原yuán。酌zhuó清qīng酤gū,割gē芳fāng鲜xiān。饮yǐn御yù酣hān,宾bīn旅旋xuán。车chē马mǎ雷léi骇hài,轰hōng轰hōng阗tián阗tián。若ruò风fēng流雨yǔ散sàn,漫màn乎hū数shù百bǎi里lǐ间jiān。斯sī盖gài宅zhái土tǔ之zhī所suǒ安ān乐lè,观guān听tīng之zhī所suǒ踊yǒng跃yuè也yě。焉yān独dú三sān川chuān,为wéi世shì朝zhāo市shì?”

“若ruò乃nǎi卓zhuó荦luò奇qí谲jué,倜tì傥tǎng罔wǎng已yǐ。一yī经jīng神shén怪guài,一yī纬wěi人rén理lǐ。远yuǎn则zé岷mín山shān之zhī精jīng,上shàng为wéi井jǐng络luò。天tiān帝dì运yùn期qī而ér会huì昌chāng,景jǐng福fú肸xī飨xiǎng而ér兴xīng作zuò。碧bì出chū苌cháng弘hóng之zhī血xiě,鸟niǎo生shēng杜dù宇yǔ之zhī魄pò。妄wàng变biàn化huà而ér非fēi常cháng,羌qiāng见jiàn伟wěi于yú畴chóu昔xī。近jìn则zé江jiāng汉hàn炳bǐng灵líng,世shì载zǎi其qí英yīng。蔚wèi若ruò相xiāng如rú,皭jiào若ruò君jūn平píng。王wáng褒bāo靴xuē晔yè而ér秀xiù发fā,杨yáng雄xióng含hán章zhāng而ér挺tǐng生shēng。幽yōu思sī绚xuàn道dào德dé,摛chī藻zǎo掞shàn天tiān庭tíng。考kǎo四sì海hǎi而ér为wéi侊gōng,当dāng中zhōng叶yè而ér擅shàn名míng。是shì故gù游yóu谈tán者zhě以yǐ为wéi誉yù,造zào作zuò者zhě以yǐ为wéi程chéng也yě。至zhì乎hū临lín谷gǔ为wéi塞sāi,因yīn山shān为wéi障zhàng。峻jùn岨jū塍chéng埒liè长cháng城chéng,豁huō险xiǎn吞tūn若ruò巨jù防fáng。一yī人rén守shǒu隘ài,万wàn夫fū莫mò向xiàng。公gōng孙sūn跃yuè马mǎ而ér称chēng帝dì,刘宗zōng下xià辇niǎn而ér自zì王wáng。由yóu此cǐ言yán之zhī,天tiān下xià孰shú尚shàng?故gù虽suī兼jiān诸zhū夏xià之zhī富fù有yǒu,犹yóu未wèi若ruò兹zī都dū之zhī无wú量liáng也yě。”

赏析
皇甫谧看过《三都赋》以后,予以高度评价,为这篇文章写了序言。今人傅璇琮考证,《三都赋》成于晋太康元年(公元280年)灭吴之前。姜亮夫认为《三都赋》作于晋元康元年(公元291年)。白居易《和酬郑侍御东阳春闷见寄》:“一缄疏入掩谷永,三都赋成排左思。”洛阳纸贵这个成语就是因为当时人们竞相抄写三都赋的内容,而造成纸张供不应求,纸价上涨的情形。陆机原本打算写《三都赋》,因为左思已经写的很好了,就放弃这个念头。 王鸣盛说:“左思于西晋初吴、蜀始平之后,作《三都赋》,抑吴都、蜀都而申魏都,以晋承魏统耳”。《文选·三都赋》李善注引臧荣绪《晋书》一段文字,云:“思作赋时,吴、蜀已平,见前贤之是非,故作斯赋,以辨众惑。”