却扫编·卷中

宋 · 徐度

国guó朝zhāo以yǐ来lái,凡fán政zhèng事shì有yǒu大dà更gēng革gé,必bì集jí百bǎi官guān议yì之zhī,不bù然rán犹yóu使shǐ各gè条tiáo具jù利lì害hài,所suǒ以yǐ尽jìn人rén谋móu而ér通tōng下xià情qíng也yě。熙xī宁níng初chū,议yì贡gòng举jǔ、北běi郊jiāo犹yóu如rú此cǐ,后hòu厌yàn其qí多duō异yì同tóng,不bù复fù讲jiǎng。及jí司sī马mǎ温wēn公gōng为wéi相xiāng,欲yù增zēng损sǔn贡gòng举jǔ之zhī法fǎ,复fù将jiāng使shǐ百bǎi官guān议yì,因yīn自zì建jiàn经jīng明míng、行háng修使shǐ朝zhāo官guān保bǎo任rèn之zhī法fǎ,欲yù并bìng议yì之zhī。草cǎo具jù将jiāng上shàng,先xiān与yǔ范fàn丞chéng相xiāng谋móu,范fàn公gōng曰yuē:「朝zhāo廷tíng欲yù求众zhòng人rén之zhī长cháng而ér元yuán宰zǎi先xiān之zhī,似sì非fēi明míng夷yí莅lì众zhòng之zhī义yì,若ruò已yǐ陈chén此cǐ书shū而ér众zhòng人rén不bù随suí,则zé虚xū劳láo思sī虑lǜ而ér失shī宰zǎi相xiāng体tǐ;若ruò众zhòng人rén皆jiē随suí,则zé相xiāng君jūn自zì谓wèi莫mò已yǐ若ruò矣yǐ,然rán后hòu谄chǎn子zǐ得dé志zhì于yú其qí间jiān而ér众zhòng人rén默mò而ér退tuì。媚mèi者zhě既jì多duō,使shǐ人rén或huò自zì信xìn如rú莫mò已yǐ若ruò矣yǐ,前qián车chē可kě鉴jiàn也yě。不bù若ruò清qīng心xīn以yǐ俟sì众zhòng论lùn,可kě者zhě从cóng不bù可kě者zhě更gēng,俟sì众zhòng贤xián议yì之zhī如rú此cǐ,则zé逸yì而ér易yì成chéng,有yǒu害hài亦yì可kě改gǎi而ér责zé议yì者zhě矣yǐ。若ruò先xiān漏lòu此cǐ书shū之zhī意yì,则zé谄chǎn者zhě更gēng能néng增zēng饰shì利lì害hài迎yíng于yú公gōng之zhī前qián矣yǐ。」温wēn公gōng不bù听tīng卒zú白bái而ér行háng之zhī。范fàn氏shì家jiā集jí载zǎi此cǐ书shū甚shèn详xiáng。

故gù事shì,宰zǎi辅fǔ领lǐng州zhōu而ér中zhōng使shǐ以yǐ事shì经jīng繇yáo,必bì传chuán宣xuān抚fǔ问wèn。宣xuān和hé间jiān,先xiān公gōng守shǒu南nán都dū,地dì当dāng东dōng南nán水shuǐ陆lù之zhī冲chōng,使shǐ传chuán络luò绎yì不bù绝jué,一yī岁suì中zhōng抚fǔ问wèn者zhě至zhì十shí数shù。故gù尝cháng有yǒu《谢xiè表biǎo》曰yuē:「天tiān阙quē梦mèng回huí,必bì有yǒu感gǎn恩ēn之zhī泪lèi;日rì边biān人rén至zhì,常cháng闻wén念niàn旧jiù之zhī言yán。」后hòu因yīn生shēng日rì,府fǔ掾yuàn张zhāng矩jǔ臣chén献xiàn诗shī曰yuē:「几jī回huí天tiān阙quē梦mèng,十shí走zǒu日rì边biān人rén。」盖gài用yòng表biǎo语yǔ也yě。矩jǔ臣chén退tuì傅fù家jiā,好hǎo学xué,喜xǐ为wéi诗shī。先xiān公gōng为wéi相xiāng时shí,欲yù稍shāo荐jiàn用yòng之zhī,已yǐ卒zú矣yǐ。

旧jiù制zhì:凡fán掌zhǎng外wài制zhì必bì试shì而ér后hòu命mìng,非fēi有yǒu盛shèng名míng如rú杨yáng文wén公gōng、欧ōu阳yáng文wén忠zhōng、苏sū端duān明míng未wèi尝cháng辄zhé免miǎn,故gù世shì尤yóu以yǐ不bù试shì为wéi重zhòng。然rán故gù事shì:苟gǒu尝cháng兼jiān摄shè,虽suī仅jǐn草cǎo一yī制zhì亦yì复fù免miǎn试shì。渡dù江jiāng后hòu,从cóng班bān多duō不bù备bèi官guān,故gù外wài制zhì多duō兼jiān摄shè者zhě,及jí后hòu为wéi真zhēn,皆jiē循xún例lì得dé免miǎn。近jìn岁suì有yǒu偶ǒu未wèi兼jiān摄shè而ér径jìng除chú者zhě,又yòu特tè降jiàng旨zhǐ免miǎn试shì焉yān。

国guó朝zhāo宰zǎi相xiāng执zhí政zhèng既jì罢bà政zhèng事shì,虽suī居jū藩fān府fǔ,恩ēn典diǎn皆jiē杀shā。政zhèng和hé中zhōng,始shǐ置zhì宣xuān和hé殿diàn大dà学xué士shì,以yǐ蔡cài攸yōu为wéi之zhī,俸fèng赐cì礼lǐ秩zhì悉xī视shì见jiàn任rèn二èr府fǔ。其qí后hòu踵zhǒng之zhī者zhě其qí弟dì修、其qí子zǐ行háng,而ér孟mèng昌chāng龄líng、王wáng革gé、高gāo伸shēn亦yì继jì为wéi之zhī,然rán皆jiē领lǐng宫gōng观guān使shǐ或huò开kāi封fēng府fǔ殿diàn中zhōng省shěng职zhí事shì,未wèi尝cháng居jū外wài。及jí革gé出chū镇zhèn大dà名míng,仍réng旧jiù职zhí以yǐ行háng,而ér恩ēn典diǎn悉xī如rú在zài京jīng师shī。其qí后hòu蔡cài靖jìng以yǐ资zī政zhèng殿diàn学xué士shì知zhī燕yàn山shān府fǔ,久之zhī亦yì进jìn是shì职zhí,再zài任rèn恩ēn数shù加jiā之zhī,虽suī前qián宰zǎi相xiāng亦yì莫mò及jí矣yǐ。

先xiān友yǒu崔cuī陟zhì字zì浚jùn明míng,年nián未wèi二èr十shí举jǔ进jìn士shì。待dài试shì京jīng师shī,一yī夕xī梦mèng人rén告gào曰yuē:「汝rǔ父fù攘rǎng羊yáng,恐kǒng不bù复fù见jiàn汝rǔ登dēng科kē矣yǐ。」及jí寤wù,意yì大dà恶è之zhī。既jì果guǒ被bèi黜chù还huán家jiā,见jiàn有yǒu羊yáng毛máo积jī后hòu垣yuán下xià,问wèn何hé自zì得dé之zhī,其qí父fù曰yuē:「昨zuó有yǒu羊yáng突tū入rù吾wú舍shě者zhě,吾wú既jì烹pēng而ér食shí之zhī矣yǐ。」陟zhì因yīn大dà惊jīng而ér不bù敢gǎn言yán所suǒ梦mèng。未wèi几jī,其qí父fù卒zú。后hòu数shù年nián乃nǎi登dēng第dì,后hòu坐zuò元yuán符fú末mò上shàng书shū论lùn时shí事shì编biān入rù党dǎng籍jí,仕shì宦huàn连lián蹇jiǎn不bù进jìn。先xiān公gōng领lǐng裕yù民mín局jú,辟bì为wéi检jiǎn讨tǎo官guān。未wèi几jī局jú罢bà,后hòu以yǐ宿sù州zhōu通tōng判pàn终zhōng。

宗zōng室shì士shì暕jiǎn字zì明míng发fā,少shǎo好hǎo学xué,喜xǐ为wéi文wén,多duō技jì艺yì。尝cháng画huà韩hán退tuì之zhī、皇huáng甫fǔ持chí正zhèng访fǎng李lǐ长cháng吉jí事shì为wéi《高gāo轩xuān过guò图tú》,极jí萧xiāo洒sǎ,一yī时shí名míng士shì皆jiē为wéi赋fù之zhī。又yòu尝cháng学xué书shū于yú米mǐ元yuán章zhāng,予yú尝cháng见jiàn所suǒ藏cáng元yuán章zhāng一yī帖tiè曰yuē:「草cǎo不bù可kě妄wàng学xué,黄huáng庭tíng坚jiān、锺zhōng离lí景jǐng伯bó可kě以yǐ为wéi戒jiè。」而ér鲁lǔ直zhí集jí中zhōng有yǒu答dá僧sēng书shū云yún:「米mǐ元yuán章zhāng书shū公gōng自zì鉴jiàn其qí如rú何hé,不bù必bì同tóng苏sū翰hàn林lín玄xuán论lùn也yě。」乃nǎi知zhī二èr公gōng论lùn书shū素sù不bù相xiāng可kě如rú此cǐ。

程chéng嗣sì真zhēn字zì儒rú臣chén,文wén简jiǎn公gōng之zhī子zǐ也yě。少shǎo喜xǐ学xué书shū,自zì谓wèi独dú得dé古gǔ人rén用yòng笔bǐ之zhī妙miào,尝cháng评píng近jìn代dài能néng书shū者zhě曰yuē:「苏sū才cái翁wēng书shū笔bǐ势shì迟chí怯qiè,吴wú越yuè人rén无wú识shí颇pō学xué之zhī,自zì余yú为wéi辨biàn之zhī后hòu,此cǐ间jiān人rén亦yì知zhī非fēi也yě。蔡cài君jūn谟mó但dàn能néng模mó学xué前qián人rén点diǎn画huà,及jí能néng草cǎo字zì而ér已yǐ。周zhōu子zǐ发fā书shū妙miào出chū前qián辈bèi,至zhì于yú草cǎo书shū殊shū未wèi得dé自zì悟wù之zhī意yì。古gǔ人rén自zì悟wù者zhě,惟wéi张zhāng旭xù与yǔ余yú而ér已yǐ。」钱qián塘táng关guān氏shì蓄xù其qí书shū数shù卷juàn,信xìn为wéi高gāo古gǔ,今jīn世shì不bù复fù见jiàn矣yǐ。

张zhāng友yǒu正zhèng字zì义yì祖zǔ,退tuì傅fù邓dèng公gōng之zhī子zǐ。自zì少shǎo学xué书shū,常cháng居jū一yī小xiǎo阁gé上shàng,杜dù门mén不bù治zhì他tā事shì,积jī三sān十shí年nián不bù辍chuò,遂suì以yǐ书shū自zì名míng,神shén宗zōng尝cháng评píng其qí草cǎo书shū为wéi本běn朝zhāo第dì一yī。予yú顷qǐng在zài馆guǎn中zhōng,与yǔ其qí族zú孙sūn巨jù山shān同tóng舍shě,尝cháng出chū所suǒ藏cáng义yì祖zǔ家jiā书shū数shù卷juàn,每měi幅fú不bù过guò数shù十shí字zì便biàn了liǎo,词cí语yǔ皆jiē如rú晋jìn宋sòng间jiān人rén。盖gài阅yuè古gǔ书shū之zhī久,不bù自zì知zhī其qí然rán也yě。

杜dù岐qí公gōng既jì致zhì仕shì,还huán家jiā。年nián已yǐ七qī十shí,始shǐ学xué草cǎo书shū,即jí工gōng。余yú尝cháng于yú其qí孙sūn鼎dǐng家jiā见jiàn一yī帖tiè论lùn草cǎo书shū曰yuē:「草cǎo书shū之zhī法fǎ当dāng使shǐ意yì在zài笔bǐ先xiān,笔bǐ绝jué意yì在zài为wéi佳jiā耳ěr。」笔bǐ势shì纵zòng逸yì有yǒu如rú飞fēi动dòng,纸zhǐ尾wěi书shū「时shí年nián七qī十shí八bā」字zì。又yòu见jiàn有yǒu少shǎo时shí所suǒ节jié《史shǐ记jì》一yī编biān,字zì如rú蝇yíng头tóu,字zì字zì端duān楷kǎi,首shǒu尾wěi如rú一yī。又yòu极jí详xiáng备bèi,如rú《禹yǔ本běn纪jì》九州zhōu所suǒ贡gòng名míng品pǐn,略具jù苏sū子zǐ瞻zhān作zuò《李lǐ氏shì山shān房fáng记jì言yán》,余yú犹yóu及jí见jiàn。老lǎo儒rú先xiān生shēng自zì言yán其qí少shǎo时shí欲yù求《史shǐ记jì》、《汉hàn书shū》而ér不bù可kě得dé,幸xìng而ér得dé之zhī,皆jiē手shǒu自zì书shū,日rì夜yè读dú诵sòng,惟wéi恐kǒng不bù及jí,正zhèng此cǐ类lèi邪xié。

苏sū丞chéng相xiāng子zǐ容róng留守shǒu南nán都dū。刘丞chéng相xiāng莘shēn老lǎo签qiān书shū判pàn官guān事shì时shí年nián尚shàng少shǎo,苏sū公gōng大dà器qì爱ài之zhī。元yuán右yòu中zhōng,刘公gōng为wéi右yòu仆pū射shè兼jiān中zhōng书shū侍shì郎láng,苏sū公gōng为wéi尚shàng书shū左zuǒ丞chéng,同tóng秉bǐng政zhèng。尝cháng因yīn祠cí事shì各gè居jū本běn省shěng致zhì斋zhāi,刘公gōng有yǒu《夜yè直zhí中zhōng书shū省shěng寄jì左zuǒ丞chéng子zǐ容róng公gōng诗shī》曰yuē:「膺yīng门mén早zǎo岁suì预yù登dēng龙lóng,俭jiǎn幕mù中zhōng间jiān托tuō下xià风fēng。敢gǎn谓wèi弹dàn冠guān烦fán贡gòng禹yǔ,每měi思sī移yí疾jí避bì胡hú公gōng。论lùn文wén青qīng眼yǎn今jīn犹yóu在zài,报bào国guó丹dān心xīn老lǎo更gēng同tóng。夜yè直zhí沉chén迷mí坐zuò东dōng省shěng,斋zhāi居jū清qīng绝jué望wàng南nán宫gōng。」苏sū公gōng和hé曰yuē:「五wǔ年nián班bān缀zhuì望wàng夔kuí龙lóng,曾zēng托tuō帡píng幪méng庇bì雨yǔ风fēng。末mò路lù自zì怜lián黄huáng发fā老lǎo,早zǎo时shí曾zēng识shí黑hēi头tóu公gōng。升shēng沉chén不bù改gǎi交jiāo情qíng见jiàn,出chū处chǔ虽suī殊shū趣qù舍shě同tóng。谩mán扣kòu芜wú音yīn答dá高gāo唱chàng,终zhōng惭cán下xià管guǎn应yīng清qīng宫gōng。」苏sū门mén下xià子zǐ由yóu时shí为wéi右yòu丞chéng,亦yì和hé曰yuē:「雷léi雨yǔ年nián年nián起qǐ卧wò龙lóng,穆mù然rán台tái阁gé有yǒu清qīng风fēng。一yī时shí画huà诺nuò虽suī云yún旧jiù,晚wǎn岁suì吁xū俞yú本běn自zì公gōng。松sōng竹zhú经jīng寒hán俱jù不bù改gǎi,盐yán梅méi共gòng鼎dǐng固gù非fēi同tóng。新xīn诗shī和hé遍biàn东dōng西xī府fǔ,律lǜ吕更gēng成chéng十shí二èr宫gōng。」时shí朝zhāo廷tíng和hé此cǐ诗shī者zhě甚shèn众zhòng,往wǎng往wǎng见jiàn于yú名míng士shì文wén集jí中zhōng。

神shén宗zōng患huàn本běn朝zhāo《国guó史shǐ》之zhī繁fán,尝cháng欲yù重zhòng修《五wǔ朝zhāo正zhèng史shǐ》,通tōng为wéi一yī书shū,命mìng曾zēng子zǐ固gù专zhuān领lǐng其qí事shì,且qiě诏zhào自zì择zé属shǔ官guān。曾zēng以yǐ彭péng城chéng陈chén师shī道dào应yīng诏zhào,朝zhāo廷tíng以yǐ布bù衣yī难nán之zhī,未wèi几jī撰zhuàn《太tài祖zǔ皇huáng帝dì总zǒng叙xù》一yī篇piān以yǐ进jìn,请qǐng系xì之zhī《太tài祖zǔ本běn纪jì》篇piān末mò,以yǐ为wéi《国guó史shǐ》书shū首shǒu。其qí说shuō以yǐ为wéi大dà祖zǔ大dà度dù豁huō如rú、知zhī人rén善shàn任rèn使shǐ,与yǔ汉hàn高gāo祖zǔ同tóng,而ér汉hàn祖zǔ所suǒ不bù及jí者zhě其qí事shì有yǒu十shí。因yīn具jù论lùn之zhī,累léi二èr千qiān馀yú言yán。神shén宗zōng览lǎn之zhī,不bù悦yuè曰yuē:「为wéi史shǐ但dàn当dāng实shí录lù以yǐ示shì后hòu世shì,亦yì何hé必bì区qū区qū与yǔ先xiān代dài帝dì王wáng较jiào优yōu劣liè乎hū!且qiě一yī篇piān之zhī赞zàn已yǐ如rú许xǔ之zhī多duō,成chéng书shū将jiāng复fù几jī何hé?」于yú是shì书shū竟jìng不bù果guǒ成chéng。

祖zǔ宗zōng时shí,诸zhū路lù帅shuài司sī皆jiē有yǒu走zǒu马mǎ承chéng受shòu公gōng事shì二èr员yuán,一yī使shǐ臣chén一yī官guān者zhě,属shǔ官guān也yě,每měi季jì得dé奏zòu事shì京jīng师shī。军jūn旅之zhī外wài,他tā无wú所suǒ预yù。徽huī宗zōng朝zhāo,易yì名míng廉lián访fǎng使shǐ者zhě,仍réng俾bǐ与yǔ监jiān司sī序xù官guān,凡fán耳ěr目mù所suǒ及jí皆jiē以yǐ闻wén,于yú是shì与yǔ帅shuài臣chén抗kàng礼lǐ而ér胁xié制zhì州zhōu县xiàn无wú所suǒ不bù至zhì,于yú是shì颇pō患huàn苦kǔ之zhī。宣xuān和hé中zhōng,先xiān公gōng守shǒu北běi门mén,有yǒu王wáng褒bāo者zhě,宦huàn官guān也yě,来lái为wéi廉lián访fǎng使shǐ者zhě,在zài辈bèi流中zhōng每měi以yǐ公gōng廉lián自zì喜xǐ,且qiě言yán素sù仰yǎng先xiān公gōng之zhī名míng德dé,极jí相xiāng亲qīn事shì。会huì入rù奏zòu回huí,传chuán宣xuān抚fǔ问wèn毕bì,因yīn言yán比bǐ具jù以yǐ公gōng治zhì行háng奏zòu闻wén,上shàng意yì甚shèn悦yuè,行háng召zhào还huán矣yǐ。先xiān公gōng退tuì语yǔ诸zhū子zǐ,意yì甚shèn耻chǐ之zhī,故gù《谢xiè表biǎo》有yǒu曰yuē:「老lǎo若ruò李lǐ庸yōng,久自zì安ān于yú外wài镇zhèn;才cái非fēi萧xiāo傅fù,敢gǎn雅yǎ意yì于yú本běn朝zhāo。」长cháng兄xiōng惇dūn义yì之zhī文wén,盖gài具jù著zhù先xiān公gōng之zhī意yì也yě。

方fāng王wáng氏shì之zhī学xué盛shèng时shí,士shì大dà夫fū读dú书shū求义yì理lǐ,率shuài务wù新xīn奇qí,然rán用yòng意yì太tài过guò,往wǎng往wǎng反fǎn失shī于yú凿záo。有yǒu称chēng老lǎo杜dù《禹yǔ庙miào》诗shī最zuì工gōng者zhě,或huò问wèn之zhī,对duì曰yuē:「『空kōng庭tíng垂chuí橘jú柚yòu』谓wèi厥jué包bāo橘jú柚yòu锡xī贡gòng也yě,『古gǔ屋wū画huà龙lóng蛇shé』谓wèi驱qū龙lóng蛇shé而ér放fàng之zhī菹zū也yě,此cǐ皆jiē著zhù禹yǔ之zhī功gōng也yě,得dé不bù谓wèi之zhī工gōng乎hū?」

崇chóng宁níng初chū,蔡cài太tài师shī持chí绍shào述shù之zhī说shuō。为wéi相xiāng,既jì悉xī取qǔ元yuán右yòu廷tíng臣chén及jí元yuán符fú末mò上shàng书shū论lùn新xīn法fǎ之zhī人rén,指zhǐ为wéi谤bàng讪shàn而ér投tóu窜cuàn之zhī。又yòu籍jí其qí名míng氏shì刻kè之zhī于yú石shí,谓wèi之zhī「党dǎng籍jí碑bēi」,且qiě将jiāng世shì世shì锢gù其qí子zǐ孙sūn。其qí后hòu再zài相xiāng也yě,亦yì自zì知zhī其qí太tài甚shèn而ér未wèi有yǒu以yǐ为wéi说shuō。叶yè左zuǒ丞chéng为wéi祠cí部bù郎láng,从cóng容róng谓wèi之zhī曰yuē:「梦mèng得dé闻wén天tiān下xià有yǒu道dào则zé庶shù人rén不bù议yì,今jīn举jǔ籍jí上shàng书shū之zhī人rén名míng氏shì刻kè之zhī于yú石shí,以yǐ昭zhāo示shì来lái世shì,恐kǒng非fēi所suǒ以yǐ彰zhāng先xiān帝dì之zhī盛shèng德dé也yě。」蔡cài大dà感gǎn寤wù,其qí后hòu党dǎng禁jīn稍shāo弛chí而ér碑bēi竟jìng仆pū焉yān。胡hú尚shàng书shū直zhí孺rú闻wén之zhī,歎tàn曰yuē:「此cǐ人rén宜yí在zài君jūn侧cè。」

祖zǔ宗zōng时shí,有yǒu官guān人rén在zài官guān应yīng进jìn士shì举jǔ谓wèi之zhī「锁suǒ厅tīng者zhě」,谓wèi锁suǒ其qí厅tīng事shì而ér出chū。而ér后hòu世shì因yīn以yǐ有yǒu官guān人rén登dēng第dì谓wèi之zhī「锁suǒ中zhōng」,甚shèn无wú义yì理lǐ。

《汉hàn书shū.食shí货huò志zhì》盐yán铁tiě丞chéng孔kǒng仅jǐn咸xián阳yáng言yán:「山shān海hǎi,天tiān地dì之zhī藏cáng,宜yí属shǔ少shǎo府fǔ,陛bì下xià弗fú私sī,以yǐ属shǔ大dà农nóng佐zuǒ赋fù。愿yuàn募mù民mín自zì给gěi费fèi,因yīn官guān器qì作zuò鬻yù盐yán,官guān与yǔ牢láo盆pén。」注zhù苏sū林lín曰yuē:「牢láo,价jià直zhí也yě,今jīn世shì言yán顾gù手shǒu牢láo。」如rú淳chún曰yuē:「盆pén,鬻yù盐yán盆pén也yě。鬻yù,古gǔ煮zhǔ字zì,今jīn煎jiān盐yán之zhī器qì谓wèi之zhī盘pán,以yǐ铁tiě为wéi之zhī,广guǎng袤mào数shù丈zhàng,意yì盆pén之zhī遗yí制zhì也yě。」今jīn盐yán场cháng所suǒ用yòng皆jiē元yuán丰fēng间jiān所suǒ为wéi,制zhì作zuò甚shèn精jīng,非fēi官guān不bù能néng办bàn。然rán亦yì有yǒu编biān竹zhú为wéi之zhī而ér泥ní其qí中zhōng者zhě,烈liè火huǒ然rán其qí下xià而ér不bù焚fén,物wù理lǐ有yǒu不bù可kě解jiě至zhì如rú此cǐ。

韩hán忠zhōng献xiàn公gōng罢bà相xiāng,初chū授shòu守shǒu司sī徒tú兼jiān侍shì中zhōng、镇zhèn安ān、武wǔ胜shèng军jūn节jié度dù使shǐ,公gōng引yǐn故gù事shì,以yǐ为wéi祖zǔ宗zōng旧jiù制zhì惟wéi宗zōng室shì近jìn属shǔ方fāng授shòu两liǎng镇zhèn,臣chén若ruò逾yú越yuè常cháng制zhì,是shì开kāi迩ěr臣chén希xī望wàng僭jiàn忒tè之zhī源yuán。神shén宗zōng不bù从cóng,固gù辞cí,至zhì于yú再zài三sān,乃nǎi改gǎi授shòu淮huái南nán节jié度dù使shǐ。元yuán丰fēng间jiān,文wén潞lù公gōng加jiā两liǎng镇zhèn,亦yì不bù敢gǎn拜bài。

陈chén正zhèng字zì无wú已yǐ,世shì家jiā彭péng城chéng,后hòu生shēng从cóng其qí游yóu者zhě常cháng十shí数shù人rén。所suǒ居jū近jìn城chéng,有yǒu隙xì地dì林lín木mù,间jiān则zé与yǔ诸zhū生shēng徜cháng徉yáng林lín下xià,或huò愀qiǎo然rán而ér归guī,径jìng登dēng榻tà,引yǐn被bèi自zì覆fù,呻shēn吟yín久之zhī。矍jué然rán而ér兴xīng,取qǔ笔bǐ疾jí书shū,则zé一yī诗shī成chéng矣yǐ。因yīn揭jiē之zhī壁bì间jiān,坐zuò卧wò哦ó咏yǒng,有yǒu窜cuàn易yì至zhì月yuè十shí日rì乃nǎi定dìng。有yǒu终zhōng不bù如rú意yì者zhě,则zé弃qì去qù之zhī,故gù平píng生shēng所suǒ为wéi至zhì多duō,而ér见jiàn于yú集jí中zhōng者zhě才cái数shù百bǎi篇piān。今jīn世shì所suǒ传chuán率shuài多duō杂zá伪wěi,唯wéi魏wèi衍yǎn所suǒ编biān二èr十shí卷juàn者zhě最zuì善shàn。

魏wèi衍yǎn者zhě字zì昌chāng世shì,亦yì彭péng城chéng人rén,从cóng无wú已yǐ游yóu最zuì久,盖gài高gāo弟dì也yě。以yǐ学xué行háng见jiàn重zhòng于yú乡xiāng里lǐ,自zì以yǐ不bù能néng为wéi王wáng氏shì学xué,因yīn不bù事shì举jǔ业yè,家jiā贫pín甚shèn,未wèi尝cháng以yǐ为wéi戚qī,唯wéi以yǐ经jīng籍jí自zì娱yú。为wéi文wén章zhāng操cāo笔bǐ立lì成chéng,名míng所suǒ居jū之zhī居jū曰yuē「曲qū肱gōng轩xuān」,自zì号hào「曲qū肱gōng居jū士shì」。政zhèng和hé间jiān,先xiān公gōng守shǒu徐xú,招zhāo置zhì书shū馆guǎn,俾bǐ余yú兄xiōng弟dì从cóng其qí学xué,时shí年nián五wǔ十shí馀yú矣yǐ,见jiàn异yì书shū犹yóu手shǒu自zì抄chāo写xiě,故gù其qí家jiā虽suī贫pín而ér藏cáng书shū亦yì数shù千qiān卷juàn。建jiàn炎yán初chū死sǐ于yú乱luàn,平píng生shēng所suǒ为wéi文wén今jīn世shì无wú复fù存cún者zhě,良liáng可kě歎tàn也yě。

魏wèi昌chāng世shì言yán无wú已yǐ平píng生shēng恶è人rén节jié书shū,以yǐ为wéi苟gǒu能néng尽jìn记jì不bù忘wàng固gù善shàn,不bù然rán徒tú废fèi日rì力lì而ér已yǐ。夜yè与yǔ诸zhū生shēng会huì宿sù,忽hū思sī一yī事shì必bì明míng烛zhú翻fān阅yuè得dé之zhī乃nǎi已yǐ。或huò以yǐ为wéi可kě待dài旦dàn者zhě,无wú已yǐ曰yuē:「不bù然rán,人rén情qíng乐lè因yīn循xún,一yī放fàng过guò则zé不bù复fù省shěng矣yǐ。」故gù其qí学xué甚shèn博bó而ér精jīng,尤yóu好hǎo经jīng术shù,非fēi如rú唐táng之zhī诸zhū子zǐ作zuò诗shī之zhī外wài他tā无wú所suǒ知zhī也yě。

刘待dài制zhì安ān世shì晚wǎn居jū南nán京jīng,客kè或huò问wèn曰yuē:「待dài制zhì闲xián居jū何hé以yǐ遣qiǎn日rì?」正zhèng色sè对duì曰yuē:「君jūn子zǐ进jìn德dé修业yè,唯wéi日rì不bù足zú,而ér可kě遣qiǎn乎hū!」

曾zēng尚shàng书shū楙máo喜xǐ理lǐ性xìng之zhī学xué,中zhōng年nián提tí举jǔ淮huái西xī学xué事shì,游yóu五wǔ祖zǔ山shān,凭píng栏lán楯shǔn若ruò有yǒu所suǒ得dé者zhě,因yīn为wéi偈jì曰yuē:「四sì大dà本běn空kōng,五wǔ荫yīn皆jiē蕴yùn。灵líng台tái一yī点diǎn,常cháng现xiàn圆yuán明míng。」

旧jiù制zhì:辅fǔ臣chén典diǎn藩fān,监jiān司sī客kè位wèi下xià马mǎ,就jiù厅tīng上shàng马mǎ。先xiān公gōng顷qǐng在zài北běi都dū时shí,诸zhū使shǐ者zhě守shǒu此cǐ制zhì甚shèn谨jǐn,每měi相xiāng访fǎng,将jiāng起qǐ,必bì牵qiān马mǎ就jiù厅tīng,索suǒ轿jiào再zài三sān乃nǎi敢gǎn登dēng轿jiào。

韩hán献xiàn肃sù公gōng再zài相xiāng,其qí弟dì黄huáng门mén公gōng在zài翰hàn苑yuàn当dāng制zhì。其qí后hòu曾zēng丞chéng相xiāng子zǐ宣xuān拜bài相xiāng时shí,其qí弟dì子zǐ开kāi为wéi翰hàn林lín学xué士shì当dāng制zhì。初chū子zǐ开kāi除chú吏lì部bù郎láng中zhōng,子zǐ固gù掌zhǎng外wài制zhì,告gào祠cí子zǐ固gù为wéi之zhī。近jìn岁suì中zhōng书shū舍shě人rén当dāng制zhì而ér兄xiōng弟dì有yǒu除chú授shòu,多duō引yǐn嫌xián,俾bǐ以yǐ次cì官guān行háng。

《新xīn唐táng书shū》初chū成chéng时shí,韩hán忠zhōng献xiàn公gōng当dāng国guó,以yǐ其qí出chū于yú两liǎng人rén,文wén体tǐ不bù一yī,恐kǒng惑huò后hòu世shì,遂suì建jiàn请qǐng诏zhào欧ōu阳yáng文wén忠zhōng公gōng别bié加jiā删shān润rùn以yǐ一yī之zhī。公gōng固gù辞cí,独dú请qǐng各gè出chū名míng,从cóng之zhī。王wáng銍zhì云yún。

刘羲xī仲zhòng字zì壮zhuàng舆yú,道dào原yuán之zhī子zǐ也yě。道dào原yuán以yǐ史shǐ学xué自zì名míng,羲xī仲zhòng世shì其qí家jiā学xué,尝cháng摘zhāi欧ōu阳yáng公gōng《五wǔ代dài史shǐ》之zhī讹é误wù为wéi纠缪móu,以yǐ示shì东dōng坡pō,东dōng坡pō曰yuē:「往wǎng岁suì欧ōu阳yáng公gōng著zhù此cǐ书shū初chū成chéng,王wáng荆jīng公gōng谓wèi余yú曰yuē:『欧ōu阳yáng公gōng修《五wǔ代dài史shǐ》而ér不bù修《三sān国guó志zhì》,非fēi也yě,子zǐ盍hé为wéi之zhī乎hū?』余yú固gù辞cí不bù敢gǎn当dāng。夫fū为wéi史shǐ者zhě,网wǎng罗luó数shù十shí百bǎi年nián之zhī事shì以yǐ成chéng一yī书shū,其qí间jiān岂qǐ能néng无wú小xiǎo得dé失shī邪xié!余yú所suǒ以yǐ不bù敢gǎn当dāng荆jīng公gōng之zhī托tuō者zhě,正zhèng畏wèi如rú公gōng之zhī徒tú掇duō拾shí其qí后hòu耳ěr。」

乾qián德dé二èr年nián,以yǐ兵bīng部bù侍shì郎láng吕馀yú庆qìng、薛xuē居jū正zhèng并bìng本běn官guān参cān知zhī政zhèng事shì。先xiān是shì已yǐ命mìng赵zhào普pǔ为wéi相xiāng,欲yù命mìng居jū正zhèng等děng为wéi之zhī副fù而ér难nán其qí名míng称chēng,诏zhào问wèn翰hàn林lín承chéng旨zhǐ陶táo谷gǔ,下xià丞chéng相xiāng一yī等děng者zhě有yǒu何hé官guān?对duì曰yuē:「唐táng有yǒu参cān知zhī政zhèng事shì,参cān加jiā机jī务wù故gù以yǐ命mìng之zhī,仍réng令líng不bù宣xuān制zhì、不bù押yā班bān、不bù知zhī印yìn、不bù升shēng政zhèng事shì堂táng,止zhǐ令líng就jiù宣xuān徽huī使shǐ厅tīng上shàng事shì,殿diàn庭tíng别bié设shè砖zhuān位wèi于yú宰zǎi相xiāng后hòu,敕chì尾wěi署shǔ衔xián降jiàng宰zǎi相xiāng数shù字zì,月yuè俸fèng杂zá给gěi半bàn之zhī。」盖gài帝dì意yì未wèi欲yù居jū正zhèng等děng名míng位wèi与yǔ普pǔ齐qí也yě。史shǐ臣chén钱qián若ruò水shuǐ等děng曰yuē:「按àn唐táng故gù事shì,裴péi寂jì为wéi右yòu仆pū射shè参cān知zhī政zhèng事shì,杜dù淹yān为wéi御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū参cān议yì朝zhāo政zhèng,魏wèi征zhēng为wéi秘mì书shū监jiān参cān议yì朝zhāo政zhèng,萧xiāo瑀yǔ为wéi特tè进jìn参cān议yì政zhèng事shì,刘咱zán为wéi门mén下xià侍shì郎láng参cān知zhī政zhèng事shì,刘幽yōu求为wéi中zhōng书shū舍shě人rén参cān知zhī机jī务wù,然rán并bìng宰zǎi相xiāng之zhī任rèn也yě。又yòu高gāo宗zōng尝cháng欲yù用yòng郭guō待dài举jǔ等děng参cān知zhī政zhèng事shì,既jì而ér谓wèi崔cuī知zhī温wēn曰yuē:『待dài举jǔ等děng历lì任rèn尚shàng浅qiǎn,未wèi可kě与yǔ卿qīng等děng同tóng称chēng。』遂suì令líng于yú中zhōng书shū门mén下xià同tóng承chéng受shòu进jìn止zhǐ平píng章zhāng事shì,以yǐ此cǐ言yán之zhī,平píng章zhāng事shì亚yà于yú参cān知zhī政zhèng事shì矣yǐ。今jīn穀gǔ不bù能néng远yuǎn引yǐn汉hàn御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū亚yà丞chéng相xiāng故gù事shì为wéi对duì,翻fān以yǐ参cān知zhī政zhèng事shì为wéi下xià丞chéng相xiāng一yī等děng,穀gǔ失shī之zhī矣yǐ,议yì者zhě惜xī之zhī。」余yú以yǐ谓wèi凡fán此cǐ官guān称chēng皆jiē唐táng一yī切qiē之zhī制zhì,非fēi有yǒu高gāo下xià、等děng级jí著zhù为wéi定dìng令líng也yě,亦yì何hé常cháng之zhī有yǒu。至zhì唐táng中zhōng叶yè以yǐ后hòu,虽suī左zuǒ右yòu仆pū射shè不bù兼jiān平píng章zhāng事shì皆jiē不bù为wéi宰zǎi相xiāng,则zé平píng章zhāng之zhī重zhòng也yě久矣yǐ,故gù本běn朝zhāo因yīn之zhī。既jì政zhèng事shì自zì中zhōng书shū门mén下xià出chū,则zé平píng章zhāng事shì固gù中zhōng书shū门mén下xià之zhī长cháng官guān也yě。御yù史shǐ台tái自zì为wéi风fēng宪xiàn之zhī地dì,今jīn一yī旦dàn以yǐ御yù史shǐ大dà夫fū厕cè于yú中zhōng书shū门mén下xià之zhī列liè,独dú不bù为wéi紊wěn乱luàn乎hū?如rú必bì用yòng汉hàn制zhì者zhě,则zé丞chéng相xiāng以yǐ下xià举jǔ易yì其qí名míng可kě也yě,史shǐ臣chén之zhī论lùn亦yì未wèi为wéi允yǔn。

凡fán带dài职zhí诸zhū学xué士shì结jié衔xián皆jiē在zài官guān上shàng,待dài制zhì、修撰zhuàn乃nǎi在zài官guān下xià。宣xuān和hé间jiān,薛xuē太tài尉wèi昂áng罢bà节jié度dù使shǐ改gǎi授shòu资zī政zhèng殿diàn大dà学xué士shì,时shí寄jì禄lù官guān已yǐ至zhì特tè进jìn,故gù特tè结jié衔xián在zài官guān下xià,其qí后hòu遂suì为wéi故gù事shì,特tè进jìn授shòu学xué士shì结jié衔xián皆jiē在zài下xià云yún。

诗shī人rén之zhī盛shèng莫mò如rú唐táng,故gù今jīn唐táng人rén之zhī诗shī集jí行háng于yú世shì者zhě无wú虑lǜ数shù百bǎi家jiā,宋sòng次cì道dào龙lóng图tú所suǒ藏cáng最zuì备bèi,尝cháng以yǐ示shì王wáng介jiè甫fǔ,且qiě俾bǐ择zé其qí尤yóu者zhě。公gōng既jì为wéi择zé之zhī,因yīn书shū其qí后hòu曰yuē:「废fèi日rì力lì于yú斯sī良liáng可kě歎tàn也yě,然rán欲yù知zhī唐táng人rén之zhī诗shī者zhě,只zhī此cǐ足zú矣yǐ。」其qí后hòu此cǐ书shū盛shèng行háng于yú世shì,《唐táng百bǎi家jiā诗shī选xuǎn》是shì也yě。

陈chén参cān政zhèng去qù非fēi少shǎo学xué诗shī于yú崔cuī鶠yǎn德dé符fú,尝cháng请qǐng问wèn作zuò诗shī之zhī要yào,崔cuī曰yuē:「凡fán作zuò诗shī工gōng拙zhuō所suǒ未wèi论lùn,大dà要yào忌jì俗sú而ér已yǐ。天tiān下xià书shū虽suī不bù可kě不bù读dú,然rán慎shèn不bù可kě有yǒu意yì于yú用yòng事shì。」去qù非fēi亦yì尝cháng语yǔ人rén,言yán本běn朝zhāo诗shī人rén之zhī诗shī有yǒu慎shèn不bù可kě读dú者zhě,有yǒu不bù可kě不bù读dú者zhě。慎shèn不bù可kě读dú者zhě,梅méi圣shèng俞yú;不bù可kě不bù读dú者zhě,陈chén无wú已yǐ也yě。

滕téng龙lóng图tú达dá道dào布bù衣yī时shí,尝cháng为wéi范fàn文wén正zhèng公gōng门mén客kè。时shí范fàn公gōng尹yǐn京jīng,而ér滕téng方fāng少shǎo年nián,颇pō不bù羁jī,往wǎng往wǎng潜qián出chū狭xiá邪xié纵zòng饮yǐn,范fàn公gōng病bìng之zhī。一yī夕xī至zhì书shū室shì中zhōng,滕téng已yǐ出chū矣yǐ,因yīn明míng烛zhú观guān书shū以yǐ俟sì,意yì将jiāng愧kuì之zhī,至zhì夜yè分fēn乃nǎi大dà醉zuì而ér归guī,范fàn公gōng阳yáng不bù视shì以yǐ观guān其qí所suǒ为wéi,滕téng略无wú慑shè惧jù,长cháng揖yī而ér问wèn曰yuē:「公gōng所suǒ读dú者zhě,何hé书shū也yě?」公gōng曰yuē:「《汉hàn书shū》也yě。」复fù问wèn:「汉hàn高gāo祖zǔ何hé如rú人rén公gōng?」梭suō巡xún而ér入rù。

刘丞chéng相xiāng莘shēn老lǎo初chū拜bài右yòu仆pū射shè,表biǎo略曰yuē:命mìng相xiāng之zhī难nán为wéi邦bāng所suǒ重zhòng,惟wéi皇huáng盛shèng世shì尤yóu慎shèn,此cǐ官guān君jūn臣chén赓gēng歌gē今jīn百bǎi三sān十shí载zǎi,勳xūn业yè继jì踵zhǒng裁cái五wǔ十shí二èr人rén。刘公gōng拜bài相xiāng实shí元yuán右yòu五wǔ年nián庚gēng午wǔ,距jù今jīn绍shào兴xīng十shí年nián庚gēng申shēn五wǔ十shí年nián矣yǐ,继jì踵zhǒng为wéi相xiāng者zhě又yòu二èr十shí有yǒu八bā人rén,通tōng前qián凡fán八bā十shí人rén焉yān。

王wáng荆jīng公gōng、司sī马mǎ温wēn公gōng、吕申shēn公gōng、黄huáng门mén韩hán公gōng维wéi仁rén宗zōng朝zhāo同tóng在zài从cóng班bān,特tè相xiāng友yǒu善shàn,暇xiá日rì多duō会huì于yú僧sēng坊fāng,往wǎng往wǎng谈tán燕yàn终zhōng日rì,他tā人rén罕hǎn得dé而ér预yù,时shí目mù为wéi「嘉jiā右yòu四sì友yǒu」。

吕太tài尉wèi惠huì卿qīng赴fù延yán安ān帅shuài道dào出chū西xī都dū时shí,程chéng正zhèng叔shū居jū裡lǐ中zhōng,谓wèi门mén人rén曰yuē:「吾wú闻wén吕吉jí甫fǔ之zhī为wéi人rén久矣yǐ而ér未wèi识shí其qí面miàn,明míng旦dàn西xī去qù必bì经jīng吾wú门mén,我wǒ且qiě一yī觇chān之zhī。」迨dài旦dàn,了liǎo无wú所suǒ闻wén,询xún之zhī行háng道dào之zhī人rén,则zé曰yuē:「过guò已yǐ久矣yǐ,而ér道dào旁páng多duō不bù闻wén者zhě。」正zhèng叔shū歎tàn曰yuē:「夫fū以yǐ从cóng者zhě数shù百bǎi人rén马mǎ数shù十shí行háng道dào中zhōng,而ér能néng使shǐ悄qiǎo然rán无wú声shēng,驭yù众zhòng如rú此cǐ可kě谓wèi整zhěng肃sù矣yǐ。其qí立lì朝zhāo虽suī多duō可kě议yì,其qí才cái亦yì何hé可kě掩yǎn也yě!」

太tài仆pū寺sì总zǒng诸zhū马mǎ监jiān斥chì卖mài粪fèn土tǔ,岁suì入rù缗mín钱qián甚shèn多duō,常cháng别bié籍jí之zhī以yǐ待dài朝zhāo廷tíng不bù时shí之zhī须xū。绍shào圣shèng间jiān,宗zōng室shì令líng铄shuò为wéi太tài仆pū卿qīng,性xìng勤qín吏lì事shì,检jiǎn核hé出chū纳nà未wèi尝cháng少shǎo怠dài,吏lì不bù能néng欺qī,居jū数shù年nián积jī钱qián倍bèi于yú常cháng时shí,至zhì数shù十shí万wàn缗mín。一yī日rì与yǔ其qí贰èr以yǐ职zhí事shì同tóng对duì哲zhé宗zōng,问wèn:「闻wén马mǎ监jiān积jī钱qián甚shèn多duō,其qí数shù几jī何hé?」令líng铄shuò唯wéi唯wéi,再zài问wèn,则zé对duì曰yuē:「容róng契qì勘kān别bié具jù奏zòu闻wén。」既jì退tuì,其qí贰èr怪guài之zhī,问wèn曰yuē:「公gōng平píng时shí钩gōu校xiào簿bù书shū如rú此cǐ其qí勤qín,今jīn日rì上shàng问wèn奈nài何hé不bù以yǐ实shí对duì?」令líng铄shuò歎tàn曰yuē:「天tiān子zǐ方fāng富fù于yú春chūn秋qiū,以yǐ区qū区qū马mǎ监jiān而ér闻wén积jī钱qián如rú此cǐ,其qí多duō谓wèi天tiān下xià之zhī富fù称chēng是shì,吾wú故gù不bù对duì,惧jù启qǐ上shàng之zhī侈chǐ心xīn也yě。」贰èr谢xiè非fēi所suǒ及jí。此cǐ事shì先xiān公gōng言yán之zhī。

政zhèng和hé中zhōng,杜dù相xiāng充chōng以yǐ列liè卿qīng使shǐ辽liáo时shí,新xīn更gēng左zuǒ右yòu仆pū射shè为wéi太tài宰zǎi、少shǎo宰zǎi,既jì至zhì虏lǔ馆guǎn,伴bàn者zhě问wèn:「南nán朝zhāo新xīn定dìng宰zǎi相xiāng官guān名míng亦yì有yǒu据jù乎hū?」杜dù曰yuē:「曾zēng读dú《周zhōu礼lǐ》否fǒu?」虏lǔ不bù悦yuè曰yuē:「《周zhōu礼lǐ》岂qǐ不bù尝cháng读dú正zhèng!以yǐ周zhōu官guān太tài宰zǎi卿qīng一yī人rén则zé天tiān官guān之zhī长cháng也yě,小xiǎo宰zǎi、中zhōng大dà夫fū二èr人rén其qí属shǔ耳ěr,安ān得dé相xiāng抗kàng而ér为wéi二èr宰zǎi哉zāi!」杜dù无wú以yǐ应yīng,及jí还huán,以yǐ失shī言yán被bèi黜chù。

近jìn岁suì使shǐ相xiāng节jié度dù使shǐ惟wéi加jiā检jiǎn校xiào,封fēng邑yì则zé降jiàng麻má。若ruò除chú知zhī判pàn州zhōu府fǔ,止zhǐ舍shě人rén命mìng词cí领lǐng宫gōng观guān,又yòu止zhǐ降jiàng敕chì。

唐táng中zhōng叶yè以yǐ后hòu,宰zǎi相xiāng兼jiān判pàn度dù支zhī最zuì为wéi重zhòng任rèn。国guó朝zhāo开kāi宝bǎo五wǔ年nián,尝cháng命mìng参cān知zhī政zhèng事shì薛xuē居jū正zhèng兼jiān提tí点diǎn三sān司sī淮huái南nán、江jiāng南nán诸zhū路lù水shuǐ陆lù转zhuǎn运yùn使shǐ,吕馀yú庆qìng兼jiān提tí点diǎn三sān司sī荆jīng湖hú、广guǎng南nán诸zhū路lù水shuǐ陆lù转zhuǎn运yùn使shǐ。明míng年nián薛xuē拜bài相xiāng,仍réng领lǐng转zhuǎn运yùn使shǐ事shì。又yòu命mìng平píng章zhāng事shì沉chén义yì伦lún兼jiān提tí点diǎn剑jiàn南nán转zhuǎn运yùn使shǐ,盖gài袭xí唐táng之zhī遗yí制zhì也yě。仁rén宗zōng朝zhāo司sī马mǎ温wēn公gōng为wéi谏jiàn官guān,以yǐ天tiān下xià财cái用yòng不bù足zú建jiàn请qǐng置zhì总zǒng计jì使shǐ,用yòng辅fǔ臣chén领lǐng之zhī,以yǐ总zǒng天tiān下xià之zhī财cái。绍shào兴xīng初chū,孟mèng观guān文wén庚gēng以yǐ参cān知zhī政zhèng事shì兼jiān总zǒng制zhì户hù部bù财cái用yòng,然rán不bù入rù衔xián。

宣xuān和hé中zhōng,三sān公gōng三sān孤gū皆jiē具jù。太tài师shī三sān人rén:蔡cài京jīng、童tóng贯guàn、郑zhèng绅shēn;太tài傅fù一yī人rén:王wáng黼fǔ;太tài保bǎo二èr人rén:郑zhèng居jū中zhōng、蔡cài攸yōu;少shǎo师shī一yī人rén:梁liáng师shī成chéng;少shǎo傅fù一yī人rén:余yú深shēn;少shǎo保bǎo二èr人rén:邓dèng旬xún武wǔ、杨yáng戬jiǎn。

景jǐng德dé四sì年nián,诏zhào皇huáng侄zhí武wǔ信xìn军jūn节jié度dù使shǐ惟wéi吉jí立lì班bān在zài镇zhèn安ān军jūn节jié度dù使shǐ石shí保bǎo吉jí之zhī上shàng。惟wéi吉jí、保bǎo吉jí俱jù带dài平píng章zhāng事shì而ér保bǎo吉jí先xiān拜bài,真zhēn宗zōng令líng史shǐ馆guǎn检jiǎn讨tǎo故gù事shì,淮huái唐táng武wǔ德dé中zhōng诏zhào宗zōng姓xìng宜yí在zài同tóng品pǐn官guān之zhī上shàng,从cóng之zhī。今jīn职zhí制zhì令líng叙xù位wèi以yǐ国guó姓xìng为wéi上shàng,虽suī非fēi宗zōng室shì而ér同tóng姓xìng皆jiē居jū庶shù姓xìng之zhī右yòu。

余yú顷qǐng见jiàn史shǐ院yuàn《神shén宗zōng国guó史shǐ稿gǎo·富fù韩hán公gōng传chuán》,称chēng少shǎo时shí范fàn仲zhòng淹yān一yī见jiàn以yǐ王wáng佐zuǒ期qī之zhī,蔡cài太tài师shī大dà书shū其qí旁páng曰yuē:「仲zhòng淹yān之zhī言yán,何hé足zú道dào哉zāi!」

宣xuān和hé中zhōng,王wáng鼎dǐng为wéi刑xíng部bù尚shàng书shū,年nián甫fǔ三sān十shí,时shí卢lú枢shū密mì益yì、卢lú尚shàng书shū法fǎ原yuán俱jù为wéi吏lì部bù侍shì郎láng而ér并bìng多duō髯rán,王wáng嘲cháo之zhī曰yuē:「可kě怜lián吏lì部bù两liǎng胡hú卢lú,容róng貌mào威wēi仪yí总zǒng不bù都dū。」卢lú尚shàng书shū应yīng声shēng曰yuē:「若ruò要yào少shǎo年nián并bìng美měi貌mào,须xū还huán下xià部bù小xiǎo尚shàng书shū。」闻wén者zhě以yǐ为wéi快kuài。

近jìn世shì士shì大dà夫fū家jiā祭jì祀sì多duō苟gǒu且qiě不bù经jīng,惟wéi杜dù正zhèng献xiàn公gōng家jiā用yòng其qí远yuǎn祖zǔ叔shū廉lián书shū仪yí四sì时shí之zhī亭tíng。以yǐ分fēn至zhì日rì不bù设shè椅yǐ桌zhuō,唯wéi用yòng平píng面miàn席xí褥rù,不bù焚fén纸zhǐ币bì,以yǐ子zǐ弟dì执zhí事shì,不bù杂zá以yǐ婢bì仆pū,先xiān事shì致zhì斋zhāi之zhī类lèi颇pō为wéi近jìn古gǔ。又yòu韩hán忠zhōng献xiàn公gōng尝cháng集jí唐táng御yù史shǐ郑zhèng正zhèng则zé等děng七qī家jiā祭jì仪yí,参cān酌zhuó而ér用yòng之zhī,名míng曰yuē《韩hán氏shì参cān用yòng古gǔ今jīn家jiā祭jì式shì》,其qí法fǎ与yǔ杜dù氏shì大dà略相xiāng似sì而ér参cān以yǐ时shí宜yí,如rú分fēn至zhì之zhī外wài,元yuán日rì、端duān午wǔ、重zhòng九、七qī月yuè十shí五wǔ日rì之zhī祭jì皆jiē不bù废fèi,以yǐ为wéi虽suī出chū于yú世shì俗sú,然rán孝xiào子zǐ之zhī心xīn不bù忍rěn违wéi众zhòng而ér忘wàng亲qīn也yě,其qí说shuō多duō近jìn人rén情qíng,最zuì为wéi可kě行háng。

张zhāng文wén定dìng公gōng安ān道dào平píng生shēng未wèi尝cháng不bù衣yī冠guān而ér食shí,尝cháng暑shǔ月yuè与yǔ其qí婿xù王wáng巩gǒng同tóng饭fàn,命mìng巩gǒng褫chǐ带dài而ér已yǐ,衫shān帽mào自zì如rú,巩gǒng顾gù见jiàn不bù敢gǎn。公gōng曰yuē:「吾wú自zì布bù衣yī诸zhū生shēng遭zāo遇yù至zhì此cǐ,一yī饭fàn皆jiē君jūn赐cì也yě,享xiǎng君jūn之zhī赐cì敢gǎn不bù敬jìng乎hū?予yú自zì食shí某mǒu之zhī食shí,虽suī衩chà衣yī无wú害hài也yě。」

范fàn忠zhōng宣xuān公gōng守shǒu许xǔ昌chāng,邹zōu侍shì郎láng志zhì完wán为wéi教jiào授shòu,尝cháng因yīn宴yàn集jí吏lì请qǐng乐lè语yǔ,公gōng命mìng邹zōu为wéi之zhī,邹zōu辞cí以yǐ为wéi备bèi官guān师shī儒rú而ér为wéi乐lè语yǔ,恐kǒng非fēi所suǒ宜yí,公gōng深shēn引yǐn咎jiù谢xiè焉yān,自zì是shì大dà相xiāng知zhī。元yuán符fú中zhōng,邹zōu以yǐ谏jiàn官guān论lùn立lì后hòu事shì,由yóu是shì知zhī名míng,然rán世shì所suǒ传chuán疏shū其qí辞cí诋dǐ讦jié,盖gài当dāng时shí小xiǎo人rén伪wěi为wéi之zhī以yǐ激jī怒nù者zhě也yě。其qí子zǐ柄bǐng后hòu因yīn赐cì对duì首shǒu辨biàn此cǐ事shì,且qiě缴jiǎo《元yuán疏shū》副fù本běn上shàng之zhī,诏zhào以yǐ付fù史shǐ馆guǎn。予yú尝cháng得dé见jiàn之zhī,缓huǎn而ér不bù迫pò、薰xūn然rán忠zhōng厚hòu之zhī言yán也yě。

李lǐ修撰zhuàn夔kuí,丞chéng相xiāng纲gāng之zhī父fù也yě,政zhèng和hé中zhōng除chú守shǒu南nán阳yáng,迓yà者zhě至zhì,问wèn帑tǎng廪lǐn所suǒ积jī几jī何hé?吏lì对duì尚shàng可kě支zhī半bàn年nián,夔kuí惊jīng曰yuē:「吾wú闻wén国guó无wú三sān年nián之zhī储chǔ,国guó非fēi其qí国guó也yě,今jīn止zhǐ半bàn年nián,何hé可kě为wéi哉zāi!」即jí日rì上shàng章zhāng请qǐng宫gōng祠cí。

赵zhào畯jùn字zì德dé进jìn,宋sòng城chéng人rén,少shǎo治zhì《易yì》。时shí龚gōng深shēn甫fǔ《易yì解jiě》新xīn出chū,世shì未wèi多duō见jiàn,畯jùn闻wén考kǎo城chéng一yī士shì人rén家jiā有yǒu之zhī,则zé徒tú步bù往wǎng见jiàn,独dú携xié饼bǐng十shí数shù枚méi以yǐ行háng。既jì至zhì其qí门mén,求见jiàn主zhǔ人rén,问wèn以yǐ借jiè书shū之zhī事shì,意yì颇pō以yǐ为wéi难nán而ér命mìng之zhī饭fàn,畯jùn辞cí曰yuē:「所suǒ为wéi来lái者zhě欲yù见jiàn《易yì解jiě》耳ěr,非fēi乞qǐ食shí也yě。」主zhǔ人rén嘉jiā其qí意yì,方fāng许xǔ就jiù传chuán因yīn馆guǎn之zhī一yī室shì中zhōng。畯jùn阖hé户hù昼zhòu夜yè写xiě录lù,饥jī则zé啖dàn所suǒ携xié之zhī饼bǐng,数shù日rì而ér毕bì,归guī书shū主zhǔ人rén,长cháng揖yī而ér还huán。先xiān公gōng应yīng举jǔ时shí与yǔ之zhī同tóng场cháng屋wū,其qí被bèi黜chù之zhī明míng日rì往wǎng唁yàn之zhī,叩kòu门mén久方fāng应yīng。窥kuī其qí何hé为wéi,则zé抄chāo书shū如rú平píng时shí,其qí励lì志zhì如rú此cǐ。后hòu数shù年nián始shǐ登dēng科kē,然rán迄qì以yǐ刚gāng故gù寡guǎ所suǒ合hé。先xiān公gōng初chū秉bǐng政zhèng,荐jiàn为wéi敕chì令líng所suǒ删shān定dìng官guān,方fāng改gǎi京jīng秩zhì。晚wǎn节jié益yì不bù喜xǐ仕shì,筑zhù室shì南nán都dū城chéng北běi,杜dù门mén不bù交jiāo人rén事shì,有yǒu园yuán数shù亩mǔ,杂zá植zhí花huā木mù,日rì居jū其qí间jiān,乡xiāng人rén目mù之zhī为wéi「独dú乐lè园yuán」。然rán晚wǎn复fù再zài娶qǔ,年nián颇pō相xiāng悬xuán,刘待dài制zhì器qì之zhī戏xì曰yuē:「岂qǐ谓wèi『独dú乐lè园yuán』中zhōng乃nǎi有yǒu『少shǎo室shì山shān人rén』乎hū?」建jiàn炎yán初chū,乡xiāng人rén竞jìng为wéi迁qiān徒tú计jì,畯jùn独dú留乡xiāng里lǐ自zì如rú,及jí刘豫yù僭jiàn号hào起qǐ为wéi郎láng官guān,闻wén命mìng不bù食shí数shù日rì而ér卒zú,时shí年nián七qī十shí馀yú矣yǐ。

国guó朝zhāo应yīng差chà遣qiǎn多duō结jié衔xián在zài官guān上shàng,内nèi则zé如rú枢shū密mì使shǐ、副fù使shǐ、三sān司sī使shǐ,外wài则zé如rú转zhuǎn运yùn使shǐ、副fù使shǐ、提tí点diǎn刑xíng狱yù皆jiē然rán。官guān制zhì后hòu悉xī移yí在zài下xià,惟wéi奉fèng使shǐ外wài国guó者zhě犹yóu如rú故gù。近jìn岁suì皆jiē在zài下xià矣yǐ。

吴wú少shǎo宰zǎi敏mǐn政zhèng和hé间jiān为wéi中zhōng书shū舍shě人rén,年nián方fāng二èr十shí八bā,后hòu为wéi给gěi事shì中zhōng,罢bà。宣xuān和hé末mò年nián复fù召zhào为wéi给gěi事shì中zhōng,内nèi禅chán之zhī夕xī骤zhòu拜bài门mén下xià侍shì郎láng,未wèi几jī迁qiān知zhī枢shū密mì院yuàn,明míng年nián遂suì拜bài少shǎo宰zǎi,时shí三sān十shí八bā。数shù月yuè之zhī间jiān周zhōu历lì三sān省shěng、枢shū密mì院yuàn,顷qǐng所suǒ未wèi有yǒu也yě。

范fàn仆pū射shè宗zōng尹yǐn为wéi参cān知zhī政zhèng事shì时shí年nián三sān十shí一yī,拜bài相xiāng时shí三sān十shí二èr,卒zú时shí三sān十shí九,然rán有yǒu五wǔ子zǐ,皆jiē已yǐ娶qǔ妇fù,兼jiān有yǒu孙sūn数shù人rén。论lùn者zhě谓wèi其qí享xiǎng年nián虽suī不bù永yǒng,而ér人rén间jiān之zhī事shì略备bèi,岂qǐ物wù理lǐ亦yì有yǒu乘chéng除chú也yě欤yú!

刘贡gòng甫fǔ旧jiù与yǔ王wáng荆jīng公gōng游yóu甚shèn欸ǎi,荆jīng公gōng在zài从cóng班bān,贡gòng甫fǔ以yǐ馆guǎn职zhí居jū京jīng师shī,每měi相xiāng过guò必bì终zhōng日rì。其qí后hòu荆jīng公gōng为wéi参cān知zhī政zhèng事shì,一yī日rì贡gòng甫fǔ访fǎng之zhī,值zhí其qí方fāng饭fàn,使shǐ吏lì延yán入rù书shū室shì中zhōng,见jiàn有yǒu稿gǎo草cǎo一yī幅fú在zài砚yàn下xià,取qǔ视shì之zhī,则zé论lùn兵bīng之zhī文wén也yě。贡gòng甫fǔ性xìng强qiáng记jì,一yī过guò目mù辄zhé不bù忘wàng,既jì读dú复fù置zhì故gù处chǔ。独dú念niàn吾wú以yǐ庶shù僚liáo谒yè执zhí政zhèng,径jìng入rù其qí便biàn坐zuò非fēi是shì,因yīn复fù趋qū出chū待dài于yú庑wǔ下xià。荆jīng公gōng饭fàn毕bì而ér出chū,始shǐ复fù邀yāo入rù,坐zuò语yǔ久之zhī,问wèn贡gòng甫fǔ近jìn颇pō为wéi文wén乎hū?贡gòng甫fǔ曰yuē:「近jìn作zuò《兵bīng论lùn》一yī篇piān,草cǎo创chuàng未wèi就jiù。」荆jīng公gōng问wèn所suǒ论lùn大dà概gài如rú何hé?则zé以yǐ所suǒ见jiàn稿gǎo草cǎo为wéi己jǐ意yì以yǐ对duì。荆jīng公gōng不bù悟wù其qí尝cháng见jiàn己jǐ之zhī作zuò也yě,默mò然rán良liáng久,徐xú取qǔ砚yàn下xià稿gǎo草cǎo裂liè之zhī。盖gài荆jīng公gōng平píng日rì论lùn议yì必bì欲yù出chū人rén意yì之zhī表biǎo,苟gǒu有yǒu能néng同tóng之zhī者zhě,则zé以yǐ为wéi流俗sú之zhī见jiàn也yě。

苏sū黄huáng门mén子zǐ由yóu南nán迁qiān既jì还huán,居jū许xǔ下xià,多duō杜dù门mén不bù通tōng宾bīn客kè。有yǒu乡xiāng人rén自zì蜀shǔ川chuān来lái见jiàn之zhī,伺sì候hòu于yú门mén,弥mí旬xún不bù得dé通tōng。宅zhái南nán有yǒu丛cóng竹zhú,竹zhú中zhōng为wéi小xiǎo亭tíng,遇yù风fēng日rì清qīng美měi或huò徜cháng徉yáng亭tíng中zhōng。乡xiāng人rén既jì不bù得dé见jiàn,则zé谋móu之zhī阍hūn人rén,阍hūn人rén使shǐ待dài于yú亭tíng旁páng。如rú其qí言yán。后hòu旬xún日rì果guǒ出chū,乡xiāng人rén因yīn趋qū进jìn,黄huáng门mén见jiàn之zhī大dà惊jīng,慰wèi劳láo久之zhī曰yuē:「子zǐ姑gū待dài我wǒ于yú此cǐ。」翩piān然rán复fù入rù,迨dài夜yè竟jìng不bù复fù出chū。

范fàn忠zhōng宣xuān谪zhé居jū永yǒng州zhōu,客kè至zhì必bì见jiàn之zhī,对duì设shè两liǎng榻tà,多duō自zì称chēng老lǎo病bìng不bù能néng久坐zuò,径jìng就jiù枕zhěn,亦yì授shòu客kè一yī枕zhěn,使shǐ与yǔ己jǐ对duì卧wò。数shù语yǔ之zhī外wài,往wǎng往wǎng鼻bí息xī如rú雷léi,客kè待dài其qí觉jué,有yǒu至zhì终zhōng日rì迄qì不bù得dé交jiāo一yī谈tán者zhě。

先xiān公gōng守shǒu南nán都dū时shí,有yǒu直zhí秘mì阁gé张zhāng山shān者zhě,开kāi封fēng人rén,判pàn留司sī御yù史shǐ台tái事shì,年nián八bā十shí馀yú矣yǐ。视shì听tīng、步bù履、饮yǐn食shí悉xī如rú少shǎo壮zhuàng,或huò问wèn何hé术shù至zhì此cǐ?曰yuē:「吾wú无wú他tā术shù,但dàn顷qǐng尝cháng遇yù异yì人rén授shòu一yī药yào服fú之zhī,数shù十shí年nián未wèi尝cháng一yī日rì辍chuò耳ěr。其qí法fǎ用yòng香xiāng附fù子zǐ、姜jiāng黄huáng、甘gān草cǎo三sān物wù同tóng末mò之zhī沸fèi汤tāng点diǎn,辰chén起qǐ空kōng心xīn服fú三sān四sì钱qián,名míng『降jiàng气qì汤tāng』。以yǐ为wéi人rén所suǒ以yǐ多duō疾jí病bìng者zhě,多duō由yóu气qì不bù降jiàng,故gù下xià虚xū而ér上shàng实shí,此cǐ药yào能néng导dǎo之zhī使shǐ归guī下xià尔ěr。乡xiāng人rén有yǒu效xiào之zhī者zhě,或huò返fǎn致zhì虚xū弱ruò,盖gài香xiāng附fù子zǐ、姜jiāng黄huáng泻xiè气qì太tài甚shèn,而ér然rán不bù知zhī山shān何hé以yǐ独dú能néng取qǔ效xiào如rú此cǐ?意yì其qí别bié有yǒu他tā术shù,特tè托tuō此cǐ药yào以yǐ罔wǎng人rén。及jí渡dù江jiāng,见jiàn一yī武wǔ官guān王wáng升shēng者zhě,亦yì七qī十shí馀yú矣yǐ,康kāng强qiáng无wú疾jí。问wèn何hé所suǒ服fú食shí,则zé与yǔ山shān正zhèng同tóng,而ér后hòu知zhī人rén之zhī于yú药yào各gè有yǒu所suǒ宜yí,不bù可kě强qiáng也yě。

《唐táng史shǐ》载zǎi姚yáo崇chóng为wéi相xiāng与yǔ张zhāng说shuō不bù协xié,他tā日rì朝zhāo崇chóng曳yè踵zhǒng为wéi有yǒu疾jí状zhuàng,帝dì召zhào问wèn之zhī,因yīn得dé留语yǔ。又yòu蒋jiǎng伸shēn为wéi翰hàn林lín学xué士shì,宣xuān宗zōng雅yǎ爱ài伸shēn,一yī日rì因yīn语yǔ合hé旨zhǐ,三sān起qǐ三sān留,曰yuē:「他tā日rì不bù复fù独dú对duì卿qīng矣yǐ。」伸shēn不bù喻yù,未wèi几jī以yǐ本běn官guān同tóng平píng章zhāng事shì。以yǐ此cǐ言yán之zhī,则zé唐táng宰zǎi相xiāng不bù得dé独dú对duì矣yǐ。本běn朝zhāo宰zǎi执zhí曰yuē「同tóng进jìn呈chéng公gōng事shì」,遇yù欲yù有yǒu所suǒ密mì启qǐ,必bì先xiān语yǔ阁gé门mén使shǐ奏zòu知zhī,进jìn呈chéng罢bà乃nǎi独dú留,谓wèi之zhī「留身shēn」,此cǐ与yǔ唐táng制zhì颇pō异yì。

赵zhào康kāng靖jìng公gōng概gài既jì休xiū致zhì,居jū乡xiāng里lǐ,宴yàn居jū之zhī室shì必bì置zhì三sān器qì:几jī上shàng一yī贮zhù黄huáng豆dòu,一yī贮zhù黑hēi豆dòu,一yī空kōng。又yòu间jiān投tóu数shù豆dòu空kōng器qì中zhōng,人rén莫mò喻yù其qí意yì,所suǒ亲qīn问wèn之zhī,曰yuē:「吾wú平píng日rì兴xīng一yī善shàn念niàn则zé投tóu一yī黄huáng豆dòu,兴xīng一yī恶è念niàn则zé投tóu一yī黑hēi豆dòu,用yòng以yǐ自zì警jǐng。始shǐ则zé黑hēi多duō于yú黄huáng,中zhōng则zé黄huáng多duō于yú黑hēi,近jìn者zhě二èr念niàn俱jù忘wàng,亦yì不bù复fù投tóu矣yǐ。」

仁rén宗zōng一yī日rì语yǔ辅fǔ臣chén曰yuē:「闻wén富fù弼bì在zài青qīng州zhōu以yǐ赈zhèn济jì流民mín为wéi名míng,聚jù众zhòng十shí馀yú万wàn人rén,且qiě为wéi变biàn,如rú何hé?」众zhòng未wèi及jí对duì,时shí王wáng文wén安ān公gōng尧yáo臣chén为wéi参cān知zhī政zhèng事shì,越yuè次cì进jìn曰yuē:「陛bì下xià何hé以yǐ知zhī之zhī?」仁rén宗zōng曰yuē:「姑gū言yán何hé以yǐ处chǔ,无wú问wèn所suǒ从cóng得dé也yě。」公gōng固gù请qǐng不bù已yǐ,仁rén宗zōng曰yuē:「有yǒu内nèi臣chén出chū使shǐ回huí言yán之zhī。」公gōng曰yuē:「富fù弼bì本běn以yǐ忠zhōng义yì闻wén天tiān下xià,岂qǐ应yīng有yǒu此cǐ!但dàn内nèi臣chén敢gǎn诬wū大dà臣chén而ér罔wǎng主zhǔ听tīng如rú是shì,不bù治zhì则zé乱luàn之zhī道dào也yě。」仁rén宗zōng寤wù,立lì黜chù宦huàn者zhě。

功gōng臣chén号hào起qǐ于yú唐táng德dé宗zōng时shí,朱zhū此cǐ之zhī乱luàn既jì平píng,凡fán从cóng行háng者zhě悉xī赐cì号hào「奉fèng天tiān元yuán从cóng定dìng难nán功gōng臣chén」,其qí后hòu凡fán有yǒu功gōng者zhě咸xián被bèi赐cì,浸jìn相xiāng踵zhǒng为wéi故gù事shì。本běn朝zhāo循xún此cǐ制zhì,宰zǎi相xiāng、枢shū密mì使shǐ初chū拜bài,赐cì焉yān;参cān知zhī政zhèng事shì、枢shū密mì副fù使shǐ初chū除chú或huò未wèi赐cì,遇yù加jiā恩ēn乃nǎi有yǒu之zhī,刺cì史shǐ以yǐ上shàng止zhǐ加jiā阶jiē勳xūn,勳xūn高gāo者zhě亦yì或huò赐cì。中zhōng书shū、枢shū密mì赐cì「推tuī忠zhōng协xié谋móu同tóng德dé佐zuǒ理lǐ」,余yú官guān则zé「推tuī诚chéng保bǎo德dé奉fèng义yì翊yì戴dài」,掌zhǎng兵bīng则zé「忠zhōng果guǒ雄xióng勇yǒng宣xuān力lì」,外wài臣chén则zé「纯chún诚chéng顺shùn化huà」,每měi以yǐ二èr字zì协xié意yì,或huò造zào或huò因yīn,取qǔ为wéi美měi称chēng。宰zǎi臣chén初chū加jiā即jí六liù字zì,余yú并bìng四sì字zì,其qí进jìn加jiā则zé二èr字zì或huò四sì字zì,多duō者zhě有yǒu至zhì十shí馀yú字zì,又yòu有yǒu「崇chóng仁rén佐zuǒ运yùn守shǒu正zhèng忠zhōng亮liàng保bǎo顺shùn宣xuān忠zhōng亮liàng节jié」之zhī号hào,文wén武wǔ迭dié用yòng焉yān。中zhōng书shū、枢shū密mì所suǒ赐cì若ruò罢bà免miǎn或huò出chū镇zhèn则zé改gǎi,亦yì有yǒu不bù改gǎi者zhě。其qí诸zhū班bān直zhí、禁jīn军jūn将jiāng校xiào赐cì「拱gǒng卫wèi供gōng奉fèng」之zhī号hào,遇yù加jiā恩ēn但dàn改gǎi其qí名míng,不bù过guò两liǎng字zì。元yuán丰fēng中zhōng,神shén宗zōng既jì累léi却què群qún臣chén尊zūn号hào之zhī请qǐng,大dà臣chén将jiāng顺shùn因yīn请qǐng并bìng罢bà功gōng臣chén之zhī名míng,诏zhào从cóng之zhī。近jìn岁suì始shǐ复fù以yǐ赐cì大dà将jiāng,皆jiē创chuàng为wéi之zhī名míng,非fēi复fù旧jiù制zhì矣yǐ。

元yuán丰fēng官guān制zhì既jì罢bà馆guǎn职zhí,独dú置zhì秘mì书shū监jiān少shǎo监jiān,丞chéng郎láng、著zhù作zuò郎láng、佐zuǒ郎láng、校xiào书shū郎láng、正zhèng字zì,谓wèi之zhī「秘mì书shū省shěng职zhí事shì官guān」,然rán不bù兼jiān领lǐng他tā局jú,专zhuān以yǐ校xiào仇chóu、著zhù撰zhuàn为wéi职zhí。元yuán右yòu间jiān复fù置zhì馆guǎn职zhí,又yòu诏zhào辅fǔ臣chén悉xī举jǔ所suǒ知zhī策cè试shì于yú学xué士shì院yuàn,已yǐ乃nǎi随suí官guān秩zhì资zī序xù或huò授shòu以yǐ秘mì阁gé集jí贤xián校xiào理lǐ,或huò领lǐng内nèi外wài职zhí任rèn,不bù必bì专zhuān在zài馆guǎn中zhōng。校xiào书shū郎láng、正zhèng字zì凡fán试shì中zhōng者zhě,满mǎn二èr年nián乃nǎi授shòu校xiào理lǐ。绍shào圣shèng初chū,复fù罢bà之zhī。建jiàn炎yán间jiān,张zhāng参cān政zhèng守shǒu建jiàn请qǐng复fù召zhào试shì馆guǎn职zhí,然rán既jì试shì止zhǐ除chú秘mì书shū省shěng职zhí事shì官guān,而ér校xiào理lǐ直zhí院yuàn之zhī职zhí迄qì不bù复fù置zhì,盖gài考kǎo之zhī不bù详xiáng也yě。

元yuán右yòu执zhí政zhèng大dà抵dǐ欲yù参cān用yòng祖zǔ宗zōng官guān制zhì,既jì复fù馆guǎn职zhí,又yòu俾bǐ侍shì从cóng官guān咸xián带dài职zhí为wéi之zhī。任rèn尚shàng书shū二èr年nián乃nǎi除chú直zhí学xué士shì,御yù史shǐ中zhōng丞chéng至zhì谏jiàn议yì大dà夫fū满mǎn一yī年nián除chú待dài制zhì,而ér以yǐ职zhí为wéi行háng、守shǒu、试shì。时shí议yì者zhě多duō以yǐ为wéi无wú益yì事shì实shí而ér徒tú为wéi紊wěn乱luàn。然rán余yú观guān元yuán丰fēng官guān制zhì,既jì职zhí事shì官guān各gè有yǒu杂zá压yā,则zé既jì上shàng者zhě不bù可kě以yǐ复fù下xià,故gù自zì六liù尚shàng书shū、翰hàn林lín学xué士shì而ér除chú中zhōng丞chéng,六liù曹cáo侍shì郎láng而ér除chú给gěi舍shě谏jiàn议yì,非fēi不bù美měi而ér不bù免miǎn为wéi左zuǒ迁qiān,若ruò使shǐ带dài职zhí而ér为wéi之zhī,则zé无wú此cǐ嫌xián矣yǐ。如rú苏sū黄huáng门mén自zì翰hàn苑yuàn除chú中zhōng丞chéng带dài龙lóng图tú阁gé学xué士shì,郑zhèng闳hóng中zhōng穆mù尝cháng为wéi给gěi事shì中zhōng,后hòu复fù以yǐ宝bǎo文wén阁gé待dài制zhì为wéi国guó子zǐ祭jì酒,及jí前qián执zhí政zhèng入rù为wéi尚shàng书shū,皆jiē带dài殿diàn学xué士shì之zhī类lèi。既jì近jìn于yú为wéi官guān择zé人rén之zhī义yì,且qiě于yú人rén品pǐn秩zhì无wú伤shāng,此cǐ则zé带dài职zhí为wéi便biàn,其qí馀yú自zì依yī官guān制zhì可kě也yě。

在zài京jīng局jú务wù各gè随suí其qí类lèi有yǒu所suǒ隶lì,给gěi事shì中zhōng本běn通tōng进jìn银yín台tái司sī之zhī任rèn,则zé进jìn奏zòu院yuàn隶lì焉yān。谏jiàn官guān以yǐ言yán为wéi职zhí,所suǒ以yǐ通tōng天tiān下xià之zhī壅yōng塞sāi,则zé登dēng闻wén鼓gǔ院yuàn检jiǎn院yuàn隶lì焉yān。秘mì书shū省shěng著zhù作zuò局jú掌zhǎng书shū日rì历lì,则zé太tài史shǐ局jú隶lì焉yān。太tài常cháng礼lǐ乐lè之zhī司sī,则zé教jiào坊fāng隶lì焉yān。

包bāo孝xiào肃sù公gōng之zhī尹yǐn京jīng也yě,初chū视shì事shì,吏lì抱bào文wén书shū以yǐ伺sì者zhě盈yíng庭tíng。公gōng徐xú命mìng阖hé府fǔ门mén,令líng吏lì列liè坐zuò阶jiē下xià,枚méi数shù之zhī,以yǐ次cì进jìn。取qǔ所suǒ持chí案àn牍dú遍biàn阅yuè之zhī,既jì阅yuè,即jí遣qiǎn出chū数shù十shí人rén,后hòu或huò杂zá积jī年nián旧jiù牍dú其qí间jiān,诘jié问wèn辞cí穷qióng。盖gài公gōng素sù有yǒu严yán明míng之zhī声shēng,吏lì用yòng此cǐ以yǐ试shì且qiě困kùn公gōng,公gōng悉xī峻jùn治zhì之zhī,无wú所suǒ贷dài。自zì是shì吏lì莫mò敢gǎn弄nòng以yǐ事shì,文wén书shū益yì简jiǎn矣yǐ。天tiān府fǔ虽suī称chēng浩hào穰ráng,然rán事shì之zhī所suǒ以yǐ繁fán者zhě亦yì多duō吏lì所suǒ为wéi,本běn朝zhāo称chēng治zhì天tiān府fǔ以yǐ孝xiào肃sù为wéi最zuì者zhě,得dé省shěng事shì之zhī要yào故gù也yě。

元yuán右yòu初chū再zài复fù制zhì科kē,独dú谢xiè悰cóng中zhōng格gé特tè赐cì进jìn士shì出chū身shēn补bǔ大dà郡jùn职zhí官guān,悰cóng具jù状zhuàng辞cí免miǎn云yún:「所suǒ有yǒu告gào敕chì未wèi敢gǎn纸zhǐ受shòu。」而ér以yǐ「纸zhǐ」为wéi「袛dī」,以yǐ「受shòu」为wéi「授shòu」,士shì大dà夫fū间jiān传chuán以yǐ为wéi笑xiào。谏jiàn官guān刘器qì之zhī疏shū论lùn之zhī曰yuē:「昔xī唐táng之zhī省shěng中zhōng有yǒu伏fú猎liè侍shì郎láng,为wéi严yán挺tǐng之zhī所suǒ讥jī而ér罢bà,今jīn陛bì下xià方fāng当dāng右yòu文wén之zhī代dài,初chū复fù制zhì举jǔ,岂qǐ容róng有yǒu『纸zhǐ授shòu』贤xián良liáng乎hū?」悰cóng字zì公gōng定dìng,希xī深shēn之zhī孙sūn,亦yì有yǒu文wén采cǎi,「纸zhǐ授shòu」盖gài笔bǐ误wù也yě。

熙xī宁níng间jiān苏sū丞chéng相xiāng奉fèng使shǐ契qì丹dān,道dào过guò北běi京jīng,时shí文wén潞lù公gōng为wéi留守shǒu。燕yàn会huì欸ǎi,文wén公gōng因yīn问wèn魏wèi收shōu有yǒu「埔pǔ峭qiào难nán为wéi」之zhī语yǔ,人rén多duō不bù知zhī「埔pǔ峭qiào」何hé谓wèi,苏sū公gōng曰yuē:「闻wén之zhī宋sòng元yuán宪xiàn公gōng云yún《事shì是shì本běn经jīng》,盖gài梁liáng上shàng小xiǎo柱zhù名míng,取qǔ有yǒu折zhē势shì之zhī义yì耳ěr」。苏sū公gōng以yǐ文wén人rén多duō用yòng近jìn语yǔ而ér未wèi及jí此cǐ,乃nǎi用yòng是shì语yǔ为wéi一yī诗shī纪jì席xí上shàng之zhī事shì献xiàn文wén公gōng曰yuē:「高gāo燕yàn初chū陪péi听tīng拊fǔ鼙pí,清qīng谭tán仍réng许xǔ奏zòu挥huī犀xī。自zì知zhī伯bó起qǐ难nán埔pǔ峭qiào,不bù及jí淳chún于yú善shàn滑huá稽jī。舞wǔ奏zòu未wèi终zhōng花huā十shí八bā,酒行háng先xiān困kùn玉yù东dōng西xī。荷hé公gōng德dé度dù容róng狂kuáng简jiǎn,故gù敢gǎn忘wàng怀huái去qù钉dīng畦qí。」

公gōng卿qīng三sān品pǐn以yǐ上shàng既jì薨hōng,其qí家jiā录lù行háng状zhuàng上shàng尚shàng书shū省shěng请qǐng谥shì,考kǎo功gōng移yí太tài常cháng礼lǐ院yuàn议yì定dìng,博bó士shì撰zhuàn议yì。考kǎo功gōng审shěn覆fù刺cì都dū省shěng集jí合hé省shěng官guān参cān议yì,具jù上shàng中zhōng书shū门mén下xià,宰zǎi臣chén判pàn淮huái始shǐ录lù奏zòu闻wén,敕chì付fù所suǒ司sī即jí考kǎo功gōng录lù牒dié以yǐ未wèi葬zàng前qián赐cì其qí家jiā,省shěng官guān有yǒu异yì议yì者zhě,听tīng具jù议yì以yǐ闻wén。然rán故gù事shì集jí议yì日rì请qǐng谥shì之zhī家jiā例lì设shè酒馔zhuàn,厥jué费fèi不bù赀zī,或huò者zhě惮dàn此cǐ因yīn不bù复fù请qǐng。景jǐng右yòu中zhōng,宋sòng宣xuān献xiàn公gōng判pàn都dū省shěng,建jiàn言yán:「考kǎo行háng易yì名míng用yòng申shēn劝quàn沮jǔ,而ér飨xiǎng其qí私sī馈kuì,颇pō非fēi政zhèng体tǐ,请qǐng自zì今jīn官guān给gěi酒食shí。」从cóng之zhī。然rán亦yì有yǒu其qí家jiā不bù自zì请qǐng而ér人rén为wéi之zhī请qǐng而ér得dé谥shì者zhě,若ruò杨yáng侍shì读dú徽huī之zhī既jì卒zú,久之zhī,其qí外wài孙sūn宋sòng宣xuān献xiàn公gōng为wéi请qǐng而ér谥shì「文wén庄zhuāng」;宋sòng尚shàng书shū祁qí既jì薨hōng,张zhāng安ān道dào为wéi请qǐng而ér谥shì「景jǐng文wén」;张zhāng公gōng既jì薨hōng,遗yí命mìng毋wú得dé请qǐng,而ér苏sū黄huáng门mén子zǐ由yóu援yuán此cǐ二èr例lì为wéi言yán,遂suì谥shì「文wén定dìng。」兵bīng兴xīng以yǐ来lái,请qǐng谥shì之zhī礼lǐ几jī废fèi,张zhāng悫què中zhōng书shū卒zú,汪wāng翰hàn林lín藻zǎo为wéi之zhī请qǐng,遂suì谥shì「忠zhōng穆mù」,然rán有yǒu司sī自zì定dìng而ér已yǐ,非fēi复fù集jí官guān参cān议yì。

国guó朝zhāo以yǐ来lái,凡fán谥shì者zhě多duō褒bāo其qí善shàn而ér已yǐ,未wèi有yǒu贬biǎn其qí恶è者zhě,惟wéi钱qián文wén僖xī惟wéi演yǎn初chū请qǐng谥shì,博bó士shì张zhāng环huán议yì以yǐ为wéi惟wéi演yǎn尝cháng坐zuò党dǎng附fù外wài戚qī及jí妄wàng议yì祔fù庙miào,为wéi宪xiàn司sī所suǒ纠左zuǒ降jiàng偏piān郡jùn,位wèi兼jiān将jiāng相xiāng而ér贪tān慕mù权quán要yào,因yīn合hé「敏mǐn而ér好hǎo学xué」、「贪tān以yǐ败bài官guān」二èr法fǎ,谥shì曰yuē「文wén墨mò。」其qí子zǐ暧ài诉sù于yú朝zhāo,礼lǐ官guān议yì以yǐ为wéi惟wéi演yǎn自zì左zuǒ降jiàng后hòu能néng率shuài职zhí自zì新xīn,应yīng「追zhuī悔huǐ前qián过guò」之zhī法fǎ,宜yí谥shì曰yuē:「思sī。」其qí后hòu暧ài等děng复fù诉sù不bù已yǐ,竟jìng改gǎi「文wén僖xī」。陈chén执zhí中zhōng丞chéng相xiāng初chū请qǐng谥shì,韩hán持chí国guó黄huáng门mén时shí为wéi博bó士shì,合hé「宠chǒng禄lù光guāng大dà」、「不bù勤qín成chéng名míng」二èr法fǎ,谥shì之zhī曰yuē「荣róng灵líng」。张zhāng文wén定dìng公gōng疏shū论lùn其qí非fēi,因yīn诏zhào太tài常cháng再zài议yì,众zhòng礼lǐ官guān议yì应yīng「不bù懈xiè于yú位wèi」之zhī法fǎ,曰yuē「恭gōng」,考kǎo功gōng杨yáng南nán仲zhòng请qǐng谥shì曰yuē「恭gōng襄xiāng」,何hé剡yǎn密mì直zhí请qǐng谥shì为wéi「厉lì」,屯tún田tián员yuán外wài郎láng黄huáng师shī旦dàn乞qǐ谥shì为wéi「荣róng」,尚shàng书shū省shěng众zhòng议yì从cóng「恭gōng」,诏zhào从cóng众zhòng议yì。

凡fán侍shì从cóng官guān以yǐ上shàng乞qǐ致zhì仕shì者zhě,虽suī优yōu进jìn官guān资zī而ér不bù许xǔ带dài职zhí。熙xī宁níng中zhōng始shǐ许xǔ致zhì仕shì者zhě仍réng带dài旧jiù职zhí,于yú是shì王wáng懿yì敏mǐn公gōng素sù首shǒu以yǐ端duān明míng殿diàn学xué士shì致zhì仕shì。未wèi几jī,欧ōu阳yáng文wén忠zhōng公gōng又yòu以yǐ观guān文wén殿diàn学xué士shì太tài子zǐ少shǎo师shī致zhì仕shì,会huì韩hán魏wèi公gōng寄jì诗shī贺hè之zhī,公gōng和hé篇piān曰yuē:「报bào国guó勤qín劳láo已yǐ蔑miè闻wén,终zhōng身shēn荣róng遇yù最zuì无wú伦lún。老lǎo为wéi南nán亩mǔ一yī夫fū去qù,犹yóu是shì东dōng宫gōng二èr品pǐn臣chén。侍shì从cóng籍jí通tōng清qīng切qiē禁jīn,啸xiào歌gē行háng作zuò太tài平píng民mín。欲yù知zhī贪tān旧jiù君jūn恩ēn厚hòu,二èr者zhě难nán兼jiān始shǐ两liǎng人rén。」盖gài谓wèi是shì也yě。官guān制zhì行háng,职zhí事shì官guān致zhì仕shì仍réng许xǔ带dài职zhí事shì官guān,著zhù为wéi令líng。

唐táng制zhì:礼lǐ部bù郎láng官guān掌zhǎng百bǎi官guān笺jiān表biǎo,故gù谓wèi之zhī「南nán宫gōng舍shě人rén」。国guó朝zhāo常cháng择zé馆guǎn阁gé中zhōng能néng文wén者zhě同tóng判pàn礼lǐ部bù,便biàn掌zhǎng笺jiān表biǎo,有yǒu印yìn曰yuē「礼lǐ部bù名míng表biǎo之zhī印yìn」。王wáng文wén恭gōng珪guī初chū以yǐ馆guǎn职zhí为wéi之zhī,其qí后hòu就jiù转zhuǎn知zhī制zhì诰gào,又yòu就jiù迁qiān学xué士shì,仍réng领lǐng,辞cí不bù受shòu曰yuē:「御yù史shǐ中zhōng丞chéng岁suì时shí率shuài百bǎi官guān上shàng表biǎo,而ér反fǎn令líng学xué士shì、舍shě人rén掌zhǎng诏zhào诰gào之zhī臣chén主zhǔ为wéi缮shàn辞cí定dìng草cǎo,既jì轻qīng重zhòng不bù伦lún,亦yì事shì体tǐ未wèi便biàn。今jīn失shī之zhī尚shàng近jìn,可kě以yǐ改gǎi正zhèng,欲yù乞qǐ捡jiǎn会huì旧jiù例lì,以yǐ礼lǐ部bù名míng表biǎo印yìn择zé馆guǎn职zhí中zhōng有yǒu文wén者zhě付fù之zhī,则zé名míng分fēn不bù爽shuǎng矣yǐ。」议yì者zhě是shì之zhī。及jí官guān制zhì行háng,遂suì复fù唐táng之zhī旧jiù云yún。

李lǐ才cái元yuán大dà临lín仕shì仁rén宗zōng朝zhāo为wéi馆guǎn职zhí,家jiā贫pín甚shèn,童tóng仆pū不bù具jù,多duō躬gōng执zhí贱jiàn役yì。一yī日rì,自zì秣mò马mǎ。会huì例lì赐cì御yù书shū,使shǐ者zhě及jí门mén适shì见jiàn之zhī,嗟jiē歎tàn而ér去qù。归guī以yǐ白bái上shàng,上shàng大dà惊jīng异yì,他tā日rì以yǐ语yǔ宰zǎi相xiāng,遂suì命mìng知zhī广guǎng安ān军jūn。刘原yuán甫fǔ为wéi赋fù诗shī美měi其qí事shì。熙xī宁níng中zhōng为wéi知zhī制zhì诰gào,坐zuò封fēng还huán李lǐ定dìng除chú御yù史shǐ词cí头tóu,与yǔ宋sòng次cì道dào、苏sū子zǐ容róng俱jù得dé罪zuì,于yú是shì名míng益yì重zhòng。云yún:「待dài诏zhào先xiān生shēng穷qióng巷xiàng居jū,箪dān瓢piáo屡空kōng方fāng晏yàn如rú。自zì探tàn井jǐng臼jiù秣mò羸léi马mǎ,却què整zhěng衣yī冠guān迎yíng赐cì书shū。王wáng人rén驻zhù车chē久歎tàn息xī,天tiān子zǐ闻wén之zhī动dòng颜yán色sè。饱bǎo死sǐ曾zēng不bù及jí侏zhū儒rú,牧mù民mín会huì肯kěn输shū筋jīn力lì。诏zhào书shū朝zhāo出chū蓬péng莱lái宫gōng,绣xiù衣yī还huán乡xiāng由yóu上shàng衷zhōng。君jūn今jīn已yǐ作zuò二èr千qiān石shí,亦yì复fù将jiāng为wéi第dì五wǔ公gōng。」右yòu原yuán甫fǔ赠zèng才cái元yuán诗shī也yě。